Chap 2 SG

Question 1

Classical School

Answer 1

the idea that people have free will and make decisions to commit crimes, and that punishment can deter crime

Question 2

Hedonstic calculus

Answer 2

weighing the pleasure of committing a crime against the pain of punishment

Question 3

Panopticon

Answer 3

This was a round building with cells all along the circumference. Guards were in a hub in the center and could see all the cells from this central location

Question 4

Neoclassical criminology

Answer 4

a theory that builds on classical criminology to explain criminal behavior by focusing on the individual’s rational decision-making process

Question 5

Nothing works doctrine

Answer 5

a criminological theory that claims rehabilitation programs are ineffective and a waste of money

Question 6

Justice model

Answer 6

prisons do not rehabilitate or cure offenders, but the criminals deserve to be punished through imprisonment

Question 7

Rational Choice Theory

Answer 7

Criminals make a conscious, rational, and (at least partially) informed choice to commit crimes (Crime will decrease when opportunities are limited, benefits are reduced, and costs are increased)

Question 8

Situational Choice Theory

Answer 8

piggybacks off this idea and changes determinism to soft determinism (determinism is the idea that all events are the result of outside forces)

Question 9

Soft determinism

Answer 9

behavior is the result of choices and decisions made within a context of situational constraints and opportunities

Question 10

Seductions of crime

Answer 10

This is the idea that crime is pleasurable for criminals that seeking out that pleasure is a good motivation for offending (a book and a concept)

Question 11

Situational crime prevention

Answer 11

Instead of concentrating on making people not want to steal anymore, we can concentrate on making it harder. We can change the environment that makes crime possible

Question 12

Target hardening

Answer 12

a crime control method that makes it more difficult for criminals to victimize people by modifying environments and behaviors

Question 13

Just desserts model

Answer 13

a criminal deserves punishment after choosing to offend, and that punishment should be as bad as the harm caused by the offense (Serious crime=serious punishment)

Question 14

Deterrence

Answer 14

the theory that the threat of punishment will discourage people from committing crimes or re-offending

Question 15

SD- Punish me harshly and I will fear a repeat of the same consequence and will not commit future crimes

GD- Punish me harshly to project to other people that the consequences are to be feared and they won’t commit the crime

Answer 15

Specific deterrence

General deterrence

Question 16

Recidivism

Answer 16

If I do offend again after being caught

Question 17

Recidivism rate

Answer 17

The number of offenders that reoffend after being caught

Question 18

Capital punishment

Answer 18

the practice of sentencing a convicted offender to death for a serious crime, and then carrying out that sentence

Question 19

Determinate sentencing

Answer 19

taking the discretion out of the system and making your sentence = your sentence (sentence with a fixed length that cannot be changed by a parole board or other agency)

Question 20

Truth in sentencing

Answer 20

you have to do a large part (80-85%) of your sentence before you can be released. Good time can only get you so far

Question 21

Incapacitation

Answer 21

locking you up so you can’t offend

Question 22

Displacement

Answer 22

when criminal activity is relocated in response to crime prevention efforts

Question 23

According to classical criminology, what three things need to be there for deterrence to be effective?

Answer 23

It has to be swift, certain, and severe to work!

Question 24

What were the three strikes laws?

Answer 24

The law significantly increases felony prison sentences for those with multiple violent crimes or serious felonies, restricting their ability to receive a non-life sentence

Question 25

What are the five objectives of situational crime control?

Answer 25

•Increase the effort involved in committing a crime.
•Increase the risks of committing the crime.
•Reduce the rewards of the crime.
•Reduce the provocations that lead to criminal activity.
•Remove the excuses that facilitate crime commission.

Question 26

What does the crime funnel show?

Answer 26

a graph that shows the likelihood of a crime resulting in an arrest, conviction, incarceration, or imprisonment

Question 27

It is justice—an eye for an eye. It’s proportionate and will act as a deterrent.

It doesn’t deter crime. Been proven that used on people later found innocent. It’s barbaric—human life is sacred, even those lives of killers.

Answer 27

What are the main arguments for the death penalty and against the death penalty?

Question 28

How can we use the classical school to influence policy?

Answer 28

judges act uniformly and fairly, swift punishments deter wrongdoing, and people want to live in a society devoid of crime