Chap 1 SG

Question 1

Deviant behavior

Answer 1

no statute (law) condemning that behavior but it is kind of agreed on by all of use that most of us don’t do those things (behavior that is against social norms but that there is no law prohibiting)

Question 2

Statute

Answer 2

written laws enacted by federal, state, and local legislative bodies

Question 3

Delinquency

Answer 3

minor crime, especially that committed by young people (not the norm/socially disapproved acts)

Question 4

Consensus perspective

Answer 4

Laws should be enacted (or repealed) when members of a society agree that such laws are necessary (or unnecessary)/(says that’s the way laws should work)

Question 5

Pluralist perspective

Answer 5

recognizes the importance of diversity in society and states that behavior can only be changed through a political process after a careful debate about the appropriate course of action

Question 6

Criminologist

Answer 6

one who studies crime, criminals, and criminal behavior

Question 7

Criminalist

Answer 7

analyze, compare, identify, and interpret physical evidence, then report results for use in the justice system

Question 8

Criminology

Answer 8

is an interdisciplinary profession built on the scientific study of crime and criminal behavior, including their manifestations, causes, legal aspects, and control (why of crime—what causes crime?)

Question 9

Criminal justice

Answer 9

the how—how do those systems work to control lawbreaking?

Question 10

General theory

Answer 10

attempts to explain most forms of criminal conduct through a single, overarching approach. Unicausal theories—There is one source for all behavior these theories are trying to explain

Question 11

Integrated theory

Answer 11

these do not explain all criminality, but it merges concepts drawn from many different sources. We take some of this and a little of that to figure out why humans act like they do. This allows us broader explanations

Question 12

Social relativity

Answer 12

the idea that the definition of crime varies depending on social context

Question 13

NCVS

Answer 13

they perform a random sample of households and ask about any crimes they have been the victim of over the last year

Question 14

UCR

Answer 14

It collects official data from police departments all across the country. The FBI collects all the data and publishes it in a giant report

Question 15

NIBRS

Answer 15

It tells us where and when the crime occurred. If there was a weapon. If the victim and offender knew each other. If either was under the influence of drugs or alcohol. That will give up a much better picture of what actually happened

Question 16

Part I offenses

Answer 16

Murder, rape, aggravated assault, robbery, arson, grand larceny, burglary, and motor vehicle theft

Question 17

Clearance rate

Answer 17

represents the proportion of crimes known to the police that are solved, typically through an arrest or other means, versus all crimes known to the police

Question 18

Evidence-based criminology

Answer 18

uses science to determine what works by setting up experiments with a control group and judging the results

Question 19

Social policy

Answer 19

what we create when we are faced with a problem we think we can intervene with

Question 20

How do we determine what behaviors should be illegal?

Answer 20

primarily based on a complex interplay of societal values, moral norms, potential harm to individuals or society, and legal precedent

Question 21

What are the potential punishments for criminal behavior?

Answer 21

It includes fines, probation, community service, incarceration, house arrest, restitution, rehabilitation programs, capital punishment, suspended sentences, and deportation

Question 22

How do we use theories?

Answer 22

looks for the why—it looks for relationships between crime and other
factors

Question 23

What other disciplines tie into criminal justice?

Answer 23

Sociology, psychology, economics, statistics, and anthropology

Question 24

What is the main advantage of the NCVS over the UCR?

Answer 24

it picks up on crime that never gets reported to the
police. This “dark figure of crime” is a significant number

Question 25

What advantages does the UCR hold over the NCVS?

Answer 25

provides a more comprehensive picture of crime (Provides data on the number of arrests/provides more data)

Question 26

What does the NIBRS add to the UCR?

Answer 26

Instead of just “crime” the it is going to tell us where and when the crime
occurred

Question 27

How did crime rates change in each of the following decades:

Answer 27

1950s-60s: pretty low
​1960s-70s: pretty low til mid
​1970s-80s: climbing/got worse
​1980s-90s: worst it’s ever been
​1990s-2000s: dropped sharply
​2000s-present: stayed down

Question 28

Which crimes are most likely to be cleared?

Answer 28

murders and nonnegligent manslaughters

Question 29

What was the 2nd most dangerous city in America in 2016?

Answer 29

1. St. Louis, Missouri
2. Memphis, Tennessee
3. Rockford, Illinois

Question 30

What is the dark figure of crime?

Answer 30

amount of unreported or undiscovered crime that does not appear in official crime statistics

Question 31

Crime

Answer 31

It is an act that is in violation of a law (that is a written law)

Question 32

What are the potential punishments for deviant behavior?

Answer 32

It includes social sanctions, legal sanctions, institutional sanctions, rehabilitation programs, and community service