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Criminology > Chap 11, 13, & 15 SG > Flashcards

Chap 11, 13, & 15 SG Flashcards

1
Q

Property Crime

A

a category of criminal offenses that involve the unlawful taking or destruction of someone else’s property without the use of force or threat against a person (burglary, larceny-theft, motor vehicle theft, and arson)

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2
Q

Burglary

A

the unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony or theft

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3
Q

Larceny-theft

A

the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession or constructive possession of another

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4
Q

Identity theft

A

a crime where someone illegally obtains and uses another person’s personal information, like their Social Security number or credit card details

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5
Q

Motor vehicle theft

A

the unlawful taking or attempted taking of a motor vehicle

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6
Q

Joyriding

A

taking a vehicle, bicycle, or boat without the owner’s permission and without the intent to permanently steal it

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7
Q

Arson

A

to the intentional and malicious act of setting fire to property, with the intent to damage or destroy it

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8
Q

Professional criminal

A

someone who has made crime their full-time job and source of income

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9
Q

Persistent thief

A

an individual who repeatedly commits theft crimes over a sustained period of time

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10
Q

Occasional offender

A

a person who commits crimes infrequently, typically due to situational factors or temporary pressures

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11
Q

Fence

A

a person or business that buys stolen goods and then sells them again for a profit

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12
Q

What is the difference between robbery and burglary?

A

robbery involves stealing from a person using force or threat of force, while burglary involves entering a structure with the intent to commit a crime

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13
Q

When do most burglaries occur?

A

During the day

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14
Q

How do burglars pick their targets?

A

based on a combination of factors including the perceived ease of entry, the potential value of items inside, the level of security measures present, the apparent lack of occupants, and the neighborhood’s overall vulnerability

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15
Q

What three things are needed for a crime to occur according to the routine activities theory?

A

a motivated offender, a suitable target, and the absence of a capable guardian

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16
Q

What are the motivations for motor vehicle theft?

A

Joyriding, committing crimes, and money-making

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17
Q

What are the motivations for arson?

A

financial gain and revenge to psychological factors such as trauma or mental illness

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18
Q

How do burglars turn stolen goods into cash?

A

Some burglars have relationships with fencing operations or middlemen who will buy the stolen goods

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19
Q

Victimless crimes

A

-Drug use and possession
-Public intoxication
-Prostitution
-Traffic violations
-Trespassing, as long as no damage is done
-Illegal gambling

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20
Q

Psychoactive substance

A

A drug or other substance that affects how the brain works and causes changes in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, or behavior

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21
Q

Drug offense

A

activity regarding the manufacture, possession, use, and distribution of illicit substances

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22
Q

Controlled substance

A

a chemical or drug whose use, manufacture, and possession are under government control per the U.S. Controlled Substances Act due to the likelihood of addiction or abuse

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23
Q

Dangerous drug

A

a substance that can cause harm or be abused if not used properly (heroin, LSD, ecstasy, and marijuana)

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24
Q

Drug trafficking

A

trafficking, sales, distribution, possession with intent to distribute or sell, manufacturing, and smuggling of controlled substances

25
Q

Pharmaceutical diversion

A

the unlawful channelling of regulated pharmaceuticals from legal sources to the illicit marketplace

26
Q

Synthetic drugs

A

it is illegal to possess synthetic drugs with the intent to sell, manufacture, or deliver them

27
Q

Drug-defined crime

A

activity regarding the manufacture, possession, use, and distribution of illicit substances

28
Q

Drug-related crime

A

is any crime involving the possession, manufacturing, or distribution of drugs that have the potential for abuse (drug trafficking, drug possession, drug manufacturing, and drug-induced offenses such as driving under the influence)

29
Q

Interdiction

A

the act of actively stopping and seizing illegal substances or items before they reach their intended destination

30
Q

Forfeiture

A

a creature of statute that calls for the confiscation of certain property related to a criminal offense

31
Q

Decriminalization

A

the process through which the legislature removes criminal sanctions against an act, omission, article, or behavior which is considered a crime

32
Q

Legalization

A

the action of making something that was previously illegal permissible by law (Cannabis)

33
Q

Prostitution

A

The act of exchanging sexual activity for money is typically punished as a misdemeanor (illegal in many areas but is legal and regulated in others)

34
Q

Where is the harm in a victimless crime?

A

DRUG ABUSE, PUBLIC DRUNKENNESS, PROSTITUTION, VAGRANCY, AND CERTAIN VOLUNTARY SEXUAL BEHAVIOR

35
Q

What is the most commonly used illicit drug? How does drug use vary by age?

A

Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug, with 25.8 million individuals 12 years of age and older (10.3%) reporting past year use

36
Q

What are some of the White House’s recommendations to address the opioid crisis?

A

Breaking social exclusion and addressing marginalization, stigmatization and discrimination of patients with opioid use disorders

37
Q

What constitutes what schedule a drug ends up on? What schedule contains the most serious/dangerous drugs?

A

One of five schedules; schedule one

38
Q

How are drugs and crime linked?

A

Desperation to obtain drugs or funds to support their addiction leads to behaviors such as theft or violence, further entrenching individuals in a cycle of substance abuse and criminality

39
Q

What are the arguments for legalization? What are the arguments against it?

A

People are gonna buy drugs anyway, even if they are illegal; we are monsters we should care about the health of others (we shouldn’t let all the druggies die off) plus the war would never end on drugs

40
Q

How has the Internet changed sex work?

A

allowing for greater accessibility, control over clientele, and potential for anonymity, leading to a shift in how sex workers operate, interact with clients, and face criminal risks

41
Q

What are the five categories of sex workers? Briefly describe each one.

A

-Streetwalkers
-Bar/hotel prostitutes
-Strippers
-Brothel prostitutes
-Online escorts (call girls)

42
Q

How do children end up in the sex trades? How do they get out?

A

This is usually a child 14-16 years old. They are lured into the lives by pimps who make them promises of material gains and love and security; establish healthy relationships and how to move on to a pro-social profession/ there is often a drug habit to shake and a lot of psychological repair work to be done

43
Q

Comparative criminology

A

the study of the similarities and differences between the criminal justice systems of different countries

44
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

the tendency to judge criminal behavior and justice systems solely based on one’s own cultural norms and values

45
Q

Human smuggling

A

the provision of a service—typically, transportation or fraudulent documents—to an individual who voluntarily seeks to gain illegal entry into a foreign country

46
Q

Trafficking in persons

A

also known as human trafficking, is a crime that involves the use of force, fraud, or coercion to exploit people for labor or commercial sex

47
Q

Terrorism

A

is a type of crime that involves the use of violence to achieve political, religious, ideological, or racial goals

48
Q

Domestic terrorism

A

is defined as violent, criminal acts that are intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population or influence the government

49
Q

International terrorism

A

is defined as criminal acts of violence that cross national boundaries

50
Q

Cyberterrorism

A

the use of computer networks and digital systems to carry out politically motivated attacks aimed at causing widespread disruption, fear, or damage

51
Q

“Lone-wolf” terrorists

A

an individual who acts alone to carry out a violent terrorist attack, without the help or guidance of a terrorist organization or government

52
Q

What problems do we have collecting and studying statistics on a global level?

A

inconsistencies in legal definitions of crimes across countries, varying reporting practices, differences in data collection methods, cultural attitudes towards crime, and disparities in police efficiency

53
Q

How has globalization affected crime and our ability to combat crime? ​

A

facilitating the growth of transnational criminal networks, enabling criminals to operate across borders with greater ease, making it harder to combat crime

54
Q

What country has the highest homicide rate in the world? What country has the lowest? What is the US homicide rate?

A

Saint Kitts and Nevis; Japan; 19.65%

55
Q

What countries are most likely to traffic humans to the United States?

A

Afghanistan/Africa

56
Q

What happens to people once they are trafficked?

A

Forced labor, child, soldiers, forced baking, sexual exploitation, forced marriage, selling children, or removal of organs

57
Q

Who is most likely to be trafficked? Who is least likely?

A

Women (51%); Boys (8%)

58
Q

What are the differences between human smuggling and human trafficking?

A

Trafficking: involves exploiting people for the purposes of forced labor or commercial sexual exploitation.
Smuggling: involves the provision of a service—typically, transportation or fraudulent documents—to an individual who voluntarily seeks to gain illegal entry into a foreign country

59
Q

Describe the “typical” terrorist and tell me what crimes they have been charged with.

A

Mental health, Background, Motivation, Recruitment, Group, and/or Location may have a part to play in the assumed

Violence against people: Murder, assault, kidnapping, and other serious violence, Damage to property, Endangering the public, Disrupting systems, and Destabilizing structures may be committed

Criminology (11 decks)

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