chap 35 rest & sleep Flashcards
circadian rhythms
rhythm that completes a full cycle every 24 hrs; synonym for diurnal rhythm
enuresis
involuntary urination; most often used to refer to a child who involuntarily urinates during the night
hypersomnia
condition characterized by excessive sleeping, especially daytime sleeping
insomnia
-most common sleep disorder
-difficulty in falling asleep, intermittent sleep, or early awakening from sleep
-more likely w depression and stress
-usually related to disruptions in circadian rhythms
-can be either short-term or chronic
-sleep hygiene
-stop misuse of ETOH and caffeine
-CBT
-Relaxation techniques
-Pharmacological treatment might be necessary
melatonin
a natural chem produced at night that decreases wakefulness and promotes sleep
narcolepsy
-a condition characterized by an uncontrolled desire to sleep
-inadvertent daytime lapses into sleep
-sudden involuntary loss of skeletal muscle tone (cataplexy)
-hallucinations and sleep paralysis
-lack hypocretin in CNS
non-rapid eye movement (NREM)
-non-rapid eye movement that characterizes four stages of sleep
-stages I-III: 5-50% of sleep, light sleep
-stages III-IV: 10% of sleep, deep sleep
sleep
state of altered consciousness throughout which varying degrees of stimuli preclude wakefulness
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
in adults, five or more predominantly obstructive respiratory events (the absence of breathing; apnea; or diminished breathing efforts; hyponea; or respiratory effort-related arousals) during sleep, accompanied by sleepiness, fatigue, insomnia, snoring, subj nocturnal respiratory disturbance, or observed apnea and associated health disorders (hypertension, coronary artery disease, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, cognitive dysfunction, or mood disorder)
-subjective nocturnal respiratory disturbance
parasomnias
-patterns of waking behavior that appear during sleep (sleep walking, sleep talking, nocturnal erections)
-Somnambulism (sleep walking)
-REM sleep behavior disorder
-sleep/night terrors
-nightmare disorder
-sleep enuresis
-sleep paralysis
-sleep-related eating disorder
rapid eye movement (REM) sleep
stage that constitutes 20% to 25% of a person’s nightly sleep; person is difficult to arouse during this stage
-increased: HR, RR, BP, metabolic rate, temp
-decreased: skeletal muscle tone, DTRs
restless legs syndrome (RLS)
-a condition in which patients are unable to lie still and report experiencing unpleasant creeping, crawling, or tingling sensations in the legs
-usually affects middle-aged & older adults, 15% of US pop
sleep cycle
passage through the four stages of NREM sleep (I, II, III, IV), then reversal (IV, III, II), and finally, instead of reentering stage I and awakening, entering REM sleep and returning to stage II
sleep hygiene
nonpharmacologic recommendations such as reviewing and changing lifestyles and environment that help an individual get a better night’s sleep
somnambulism
sleep walking
Reticular activating system (RAS)
controls sleep, waking, and flight-or-flight waking
Bulbar synchronizing region
the release of serotonin from specialized cells in the raphe nuclei sleep system of the pons and medulla produces sleep
hypothalamus
control center for sleeping and waking
Control of sleep-wake cycle is either by NT release (Ne, Ach, DA, 5-HT, histamine) and hormone release (melatonin) or by…
circadian rhythm
sleep hygiene practices
-consistent sched of bedtime and waking
-no exercise 1 hr before bed, start to relax and unwind 90 min before bed
-avoid ETOH, heavy meals 2 hrs before bed
-nap only briefly and in mid-afternoon
-sleeping environment: remove distractions, cooler temp, no screens or blue lights, dim/warm light only
-leave bed if you don’t fall asleep w/i 15-20 min
-reserve the bed for sleep and sexual act only
Dev Patterns of Sleep - Infants
12-16 hrs per day
Dev Patterns of Sleep - Toddlers
11-14 hrs per day
Dev Patterns of Sleep - Preschoolers
10-13 hrs per day
Dev Patterns of Sleep - School-aged
9-12 hrs per day
