ch 6 values, ethics, and advocacy

Question 1

autonomy

Answer 1

self-determination; being independent and self-governing
***respect rights of pts to make health care decisions

Question 2

beneficence

Answer 2

principle of doing good; benefit the pt

Question 3

care-based approach

Answer 3

approach to bioethics that directs attention to the specific situations of individual pts viewed w in the context of their life narrative

Question 4

code of ethics

Answer 4

principles that reflect the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession

Question 5

conscientious objection

Answer 5

refusal to participate in certain types of treatment and care based on the fact that these acts violate the nurse’s personal and professional ethical beliefs and standards

Question 6

ethical dilemma

Answer 6

situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result in two conflicting courses of action

Question 7

ethics

Answer 7

system dealing w standards of character and behavior related to what is right and wrong

Question 8

feminist ethics

Answer 8

type of ethical approach that aims to critique existing patterns of oppression and domination in society, especially as these affect women and the poor

Question 9

fidelity

Answer 9

keeping promises and commitments made to others (pts and co-workers)

Question 10

justice

Answer 10

process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
-give each their due and act fairly, each according to need
-every person has the right to quality health care, regardless of social status

Question 11

moral agency

Answer 11

ability to behave in an ethical way; to do the ethically right thing bc it is the right thing to do

Question 12

moral distress

Answer 12

when you know the right thing to do, but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action

Question 13

moral injury

Answer 13

an injury that occurs when there has been: (1) a betrayal of what is right, (2) by someone who holds legitimate authority, or by oneself, (3) in a high-stakes situation

Question 14

moral resilience

Answer 14

developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences and to emerge strong

Question 15

morals

Answer 15

like ethics, concerned w that constitutes right action; more informal and personal that the term ethics

Question 16

nonmaleficence

Answer 16

principle of avoiding evil
** avoid causing harm

Question 17

nursing ethics

Answer 17

a subset of bioethics; formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing and of the analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgement

Question 18

principle-based approach

Answer 18

an approach to bioethics that offers specific action guides

Question 19

value system

Answer 19

organization of values ranked along a continuum of importance
*** leads to personal code of conduct

Question 20

values

Answer 20

process by which ppl come to understand their own value and value system

Question 21

values clarification

Answer 21

process by which ppl come to understand their own values and value system

Question 22

virtues

Answer 22

human excellences; cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings

Question 23

value transmission

Answer 23

-modeling
-moralizing
-laissez-faire (let ppl do as they choose)
-rewarding and punishing
-responsible choice

Question 24

altruism

Answer 24

concern for welfare and well-being of others

Question 25

human dignity

Answer 25

respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations

Question 26

integrity

Answer 26

acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice

Question 27

social justice

Answer 27

upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights

Question 28

values clarification

Answer 28

-choosing: choosing freely from alternatives after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative
-prizing/treasuring: involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation
-acting: combining choice into ones behaviors w consistency and regularity on the value

Question 29

ethical frameworks

Answer 29

utilitarian: the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action
deontologic: an action is wrong or wrong independent of its consequences

Question 30

veracity

Answer 30

being honest in interactions w pts

Question 31

accountability

Answer 31

being answerable for your actions

Question 32

privacy and confidentiality

Answer 32

following HIPAA guidelines to maintain a trusting relationship w pts

Question 33

four functions of ethics committees

Answer 33

-education
-policy making
-case review and consultation
-quality

Question 34

patient advocates should focus on

Answer 34

-representing pts
-promoting self-determination
-whistle blowing (informing of a person or organization involved in an a illicit action)
-being politically active