ch 6 values, ethics, and advocacy Flashcards
autonomy
self-determination; being independent and self-governing
***respect rights of pts to make health care decisions
beneficence
principle of doing good; benefit the pt
care-based approach
approach to bioethics that directs attention to the specific situations of individual pts viewed w in the context of their life narrative
code of ethics
principles that reflect the primary goals, values, and obligations of the profession
conscientious objection
refusal to participate in certain types of treatment and care based on the fact that these acts violate the nurse’s personal and professional ethical beliefs and standards
ethical dilemma
situation that arises when attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result in two conflicting courses of action
ethics
system dealing w standards of character and behavior related to what is right and wrong
feminist ethics
type of ethical approach that aims to critique existing patterns of oppression and domination in society, especially as these affect women and the poor
fidelity
keeping promises and commitments made to others (pts and co-workers)
justice
process that distributes benefits, risks, and costs fairly
-give each their due and act fairly, each according to need
-every person has the right to quality health care, regardless of social status
moral agency
ability to behave in an ethical way; to do the ethically right thing bc it is the right thing to do
moral distress
when you know the right thing to do, but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action
moral injury
an injury that occurs when there has been: (1) a betrayal of what is right, (2) by someone who holds legitimate authority, or by oneself, (3) in a high-stakes situation
moral resilience
developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences and to emerge strong
morals
like ethics, concerned w that constitutes right action; more informal and personal that the term ethics
nonmaleficence
principle of avoiding evil
** avoid causing harm
nursing ethics
a subset of bioethics; formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing and of the analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgement
principle-based approach
an approach to bioethics that offers specific action guides
value system
organization of values ranked along a continuum of importance
*** leads to personal code of conduct
values
process by which ppl come to understand their own value and value system
values clarification
process by which ppl come to understand their own values and value system
virtues
human excellences; cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings
value transmission
-modeling
-moralizing
-laissez-faire (let ppl do as they choose)
-rewarding and punishing
-responsible choice
altruism
concern for welfare and well-being of others
human dignity
respect for inherent worth and uniqueness of individuals and populations
integrity
acting according to code of ethics and standards of practice
social justice
upholding moral, legal, and humanistic rights
values clarification
-choosing: choosing freely from alternatives after careful consideration of the consequences of each alternative
-prizing/treasuring: involves pride, happiness, and public affirmation
-acting: combining choice into ones behaviors w consistency and regularity on the value
ethical frameworks
utilitarian: the rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of the action
deontologic: an action is wrong or wrong independent of its consequences
veracity
being honest in interactions w pts
accountability
being answerable for your actions
privacy and confidentiality
following HIPAA guidelines to maintain a trusting relationship w pts
four functions of ethics committees
-education
-policy making
-case review and consultation
-quality
patient advocates should focus on
-representing pts
-promoting self-determination
-whistle blowing (informing of a person or organization involved in an a illicit action)
-being politically active
