Chap 27 Flashcards
Totalitarianism
A radical dictatorship that exercises “total claims” over the beliefs and behavior of its citizens by taking control of the economic, social, intellectual, and cultural aspects of society
Fascism
A movement characterized by extreme, often expansionist nationalism, anti socialism, a dynamic and violent leader, and glorification of war and the military
Eugenics
A pseudoscientific doctrine that maintains that the selective breeding of human beings can improve the general characteristics of a national population
Five year plan
A plan launched by Stalin in 1928, and termed the revolution from above, aimed at modernizing the Soviet Union and creating a new communist society with new attitudes, new loyalties, and a new socialist humanity
New Economic Policy
Lenin’s 1921 policy to re-establish limited economic freedom in an attempt to rebuild agriculture and industry in the face of economic disintegration
Collectivization of agriculture
The forcible consolidation of individual peasant farms into large state-controlled enterprises in the Soviet Union under Stalin
Kulaks
The better off peasants who were stripped of land and livestock under Stalin and were generally not permitted to join collective farms; many of them were starved or deported to forced labor camps for re-education.
Black Shirts
Mussolini’s private militia that destroyed Socialist newspapers, union halls, and socialist party headquarters, eventually pushing Socialists out of the city governments of northern Italy
Lateran Agreement
1929 agreement that recognized the Vatican as an independent state, and Mussolini agreed to give the Church financial support in return for public support from the pope
National Socialism
A movement and political party driven by extreme nationalism and racism, led by Adolf Hitler; ruled Germany from 1933-1945 and forced Europe into WWII
Enabling Act
Act pushed through by the Nazis that gave Hitler absolute dictatorial power for four years
Appeasement
British policy that granted Hitler everything he wanted in order to avoid war (associated with Neville Chamberlain)
New Order
Hitler’s program based on racial imperialism which gave preferential treatment to Nordic people; the French and Latin people occupied the middle, and Slavs and Jews were treated harshly as subhumans
Holocaust
The systematic effort of the Nazi state to exterminate European Jews and other groups deemed racially inferior during the Second World War
