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Clinical biochem > Chap-14 Vitamins > Flashcards

Chap-14 Vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Vitamin A :

cycle

A

good for vision,

Pre-vit.A-> Transport to intestinal cells -> CRBP-II , packed into chylomicrons

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2
Q

Vitamin D:

Pathway for Liver

A

D3 (cholecalciferols) and D3 (ergocalciferosl) –> Metabolized to 25 (OH)D3/D2 - In liver using 25(oh)’ase

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3
Q

Pathway for Kidney (Vit.D)

A

25 (OH) D3/D2 –> 1,25 (OH)2 D using 25(OH) 1alphaOH’ase - Kidney
1,25 (OH)2 D is biologically active hormone

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4
Q

What can control vitamin D and Ca (Vit.D)

A

PTH, Ca , 1,25 (OH) D

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5
Q

How to Increase synthesis of 1,25 (OH)2 D? (Vit.D)

A

Inc. PTH and Decrease P

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6
Q

What does Low Calcium cause? (Vit.D)

A

Inc. PTH stimulation …

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7
Q

Increase In Calicum and Increase P. and 1,25(OH)2D (Vit.D)

A

Decreases the enzyme to make 1,25(OH)2D .

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8
Q

Increase in PTH, Low Ca and Low P (Vit.D)

A

Increases 1,25 (OH)2D , increases the enzyme 1,25(OH)D1alphaOH’ase

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9
Q

Increase Ca, Inc. P and presence of 1,25(OH)2D (Vit.D)

A

Decrease 1,25(OH)2D and decrease the eznyme to make it

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10
Q

1,25 (OH)2D causes : (Vit.D)

A

increase in 24,25(OH)2D which converts teh 1,25 (OH)2 to be inactivated to make calcitroic acid.

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11
Q

What does 1,25 (OH)2 D do in the duodenum and illeum / jegunum? (Vit.D)

A

Stim, Ca abs duodenum

Stim P, abs in Jegunum

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12
Q

3 ways to determine 25(OH)D [ ] (Vit.D)

A

Look at CaT1 - transporter
Calbindin D9k - diffusion
CaATP’ase - let ca exit

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13
Q

Vitamin E: impact on ROS?

A

Anti-oxidant for ROS

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14
Q

What other vitamin E works with?

A

Vit.C

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15
Q

What is vit.E converted to in the liver?

A

Alpha-Tocopherols using alpha-TPP by VLDL

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16
Q

alpha tocopherols effects : (vit.E)
-:
+:

A
  • ‘hibit prot.K C and 5lipoxygenase

+: protein. P’ase 2A and DAG.K

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17
Q

Vitamin K Used for:

A

Blood clotting as cofactor to make vit.K carobxylase

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18
Q

Function of Vit.K carobxylase?

A

Helps add glutamyl residues to gama-gla, and gama-gla increase affinity to ca2+ binding.. which will make thrombin factors

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19
Q

Vitamin B1-

A

Thiamine

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20
Q

Vit.B1 - is co-enzyme to what?

A

TPP , which is used to make pyruvate and 2-oxoglutarate in the PDH

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21
Q

Vit.B1 3 enzymes affect:

A

Thamine.K (Thiamine + ATP —> TPP + AMP)
TPP-ATP ( TPP + ATP—–> 3P + ADP)
Thaimine Trio-P.’ase (TPP —> M.P)

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22
Q

TPP Is a coenzyme to > (Vit.B1)

A

Mg2+ in PDH and Alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

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23
Q

What function does Vit.B1 have on cells?

A

Regulate cl- ion channels and signalling

24
Q

Defiency to vit.B1

A

Wernicke-Korsakoff and Berriberri

25
Q

Vitamin B2->?

A

Riboflavin

26
Q

What is riboflavin used for?

A

FAD and FMN redox reactions

27
Q

What can stimulate FAD and FMN synthesis?

A

T3 and T4 hormones

28
Q

What can Vit.B2 do to homocysteine?

A

Decreases it because FAD is a co-factor for MTHFR

29
Q

Vitamin B3–>?

A

Niacin/Niacademide

30
Q

What is niacin/ademide used in? B3

A

To make NAD and NADP+

31
Q

What can Nicotnic acid do ? B3

A

It can lower T.G and Inc. HDL

32
Q

Defiency of B3

33
Q

Vit.B5 –>?

A

Panthotenic acid

34
Q

Vit.B5 2forms:

A

L-valine (pantoic acid) ; B-alaline (L-asparate)

35
Q

Role of vit.B5 in TCA?

A

ACP and -coA in the PDH

36
Q

Defficiency to vit.b5?

A

Burning feet

37
Q

Vit.b6 names?

A

Pyrodoxine , pyridoxamine ; pyridoxal

38
Q

What does vit.b6 get ultamadly converted to?

A

PLP . Pyridoxal phosphate

39
Q

What will low b6 cause?

A

Nitrogen stores to be lower and have tryptophan problems

40
Q

Vit.b7 name

A

Biotin or vit.H

41
Q

what is biotin used in?

A

Carboxylic rxn of pyruvate , Acetyl-coA and propionyl-coA

42
Q

Fxn of biotin?

A

GLuconeogenesis
Fa synthesis
A.A breakdown

43
Q

Egg relation?

A

Egg whites = avidin
Egg yolk=biotin
avidin binds irreversably biotin

44
Q

Name of B9?

A

Folic acid

45
Q

Role of B9

A

Used to make purines, dTMP , cholines and serines

46
Q

What is folic acid a co-enzyme for?

A

Pteroic acid which ataches to glu… forming pte-glu

47
Q

What does b9 get converted to?

A

Pte-glu reduced to 5MTHF

48
Q

Role of methyl-transferase in B9?

A

5-MTHF –> Cobalmin..

and methyl-transferase is in similar metabolism of folic acid in b-12 .. because b-12 is cobalmins

49
Q

B-12 low with B9»??

A

B-12 low = body traps the folate here to not be used and to save them.

50
Q

Deffiency to b9>

A

Megloblastic anemia

51
Q

How to derease the homocystein with b9>

A

Inc.Folate = avoid pathways that makes homocysteine.

52
Q

Vit.b12 name?

A

Cyanocobalamin.

53
Q

Fxn of b12?

A

Cobalamins are tetrapyroles with a cobalt in the center.

54
Q

What is a corrin ring?

A

its the 4 pyrole rings without the cobalt in the center, but still cobalamin

55
Q

What do we find in serum and in cytosol vit.b12

A

Methyl-cobalamin in serum

Adenosyl-cobalamin in the cytosol..

56
Q

How does the body transport b12 food to circulation?

A

1-Bind haptocorrin
2-B12 free will bind IFthe slow haptocorrin
3- Distal illeum b-12-IF intetraction, will bind a R on mucosal epithelial cells
4-B12 disociates and binds the tc-II in cells
5- Tc-B12 goes bind Tc-B12-R on membranes and released in the blood.

Clinical biochem (15 decks)

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