Chap-13 Endocrine system Flashcards
Types of Hormones
- A.A derivatives ( Da/Catecholamines)
- Small Neuropeptides ( ADH, GnRH)
- Lg peptides( Insulin, PTH , LH)
- Sterols (Cortisol, Estrogen)
- Vitamins ( A and D)
Transport :
Depends if
H20 Soluble
or
Lipid soluble (needs transport proteins)
T4 and T3- Transporters
TBG - TBPA - Albumin because insoluble to h20
Cortisol-transporters
CBG
Androgen and Estrogen -transporters
SHBG
IGF I and II - Transporters
IGFBP
GH-Transporter
GHBP
How is hormonal secretion done
Dirscrete pulses
Where is oxytocin made?
PVN
Where is ADH made?
SON
Primary disroder
Affect endocrine gland
2ndary disorder
Affect Pituitary (Controls endocrine)
3tertiary disorder
Affect Hypothalamus (controls Pituitary that controls the endocrine)
Quaternary disorder
Affect cells that respond to the targets tissue hormone
Acromegaly
Inc. GH production before epiphyseal plate fuses
CUshings syndrome
ACTH dep/independ or ectopic
Thyroid Hormones 3 functions
1) Synthesize tyrosine (used for thyroglobullin)
2) Incoorporate iodine w/ Tyrosine in the thyroglobullin
3) Thyroglobulin hydrolysis + T.H secretion
Mechanism of T3
D3,D2 moves T3 in cells
T3 then binds to RxR-DNA-TH-R =complex and inc. mRNA …
T4 transport
Uses D1/D2 to make T3
or D3 to make Rev. T3
Can the posterior pituitary synthezie hormones?
NO. BUT IT DOES STORE and release Oxytocin and ADH
Where are hormones made?
Hypothalamus or adeno synthezie hormones
What does TBG have higher affinity for?
T4
What does TBPA have higher affinity for ?
T3
TBPA TGB and Albumin bind 99.8% of ?
T4, 99.98% of T4 is bound where as 99.7% unbound T3
What does Grave’s consist of ?
Hyper-thyrodism,
slide with big eyes ( Goiter) , fingers being fat,
What can toxic nodular cause?
Thyroid to be less effective
What does Hashimoto’s consist?
Thyroid tissue destruction
Antibodies to thyroglobulin and thyroid peroxidase
u have enough iodine, just not metabolizing it …
=> Hypothyroidism
Zona Glomeruolosa
Aldosterone
Zonga fasciculata
Cortisol
Zona reticularis
Androgens
What can not having cholesterol cause problems to?
Making steroid hormones, cause LDL and HDL transports cholesterol to be made to make hormones
What increases before ovulation?
Estrogen and Inhibin
What increases after ovulation?
Progesterone
and 2nd peak of estrogen and inhibin
What does LH and FSH have power in males?
LH go to Leydig cells
FSH goes to sertoli cells
what remains constant in menopause?
LH and Porgesterone concentrations,
but FSh and LH keep increasing
