Chap 11: lifespan and development (1) Flashcards
Define development.
Development is the sequence of age-related changes that occur as a person progresses from conception to death.
What are the 4 broad periods of life span?
(1) The prenatal period, between conception and birth
(2) Childhood
(3) Adolescence
(4) Adulthood
What does the prenatal period extend into?
The prenatal period extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy.
Development during the prenatal
period is not rapid. True or false?
False. Development during the prenatal
period is remarkably rapid.
What are the phases of the prenatal period?
(1) The germinal stage (the first two weeks),
(2) The embryonic stage (two weeks to two
months)
(3) The fetal stage (two months to
birth).
Differentiate between quantitative and qualitative research in child development.
Quantitative Research:
- Researcher develops a hypothesis to test a theory, collects experimental data, such as duration or survey, and uses calculation to determine results that confirm/refute a hypothesis
-Likely generalizable
Qualitative Research
-Researcher seeks to explore participants’ meaning, experience, or worldview and summarize those findings
-May or may not be generalizable
Child development is often studied with quantitative methods. True or false?
True. Child development is often studied with quantitative methods.
What are the research designs used to study child development?
- Cross-sectional designs
-Different groups are compared at different ages
-All data is captured once for each participant - Longitudinal designs
-One group is measured across different ages
-Data is captured in several different collections over time
What are the events of the germinal stage?
- First two weeks after conception
- Starts with a fertilized zygote.
- Rapid cell division begins, forming a mass of cells that migrates to the uterine wall. After about a week, the mass implants itself.
- Placenta forms after implantation
What is the placenta?
The placenta is a structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mother’s bloodstream, and bodily wastes to pass out to the mother.
What are the events of the embryonic stage?
- Two weeks until the end of the second month.
- Major organs and systems develop. Structures like the spine, brain, and heart emerge gradually. Though small, the embryo already resembles a human.
Why is the embryonic stage of great vulnerability?
The embryonic stage is a period of great vulnerability because virtually all the basic physiological structures are being formed.
Which period do most miscarriages occur?
The embryonic stage.
What are the events of the fetal stage?
- Last from two months through birth.
- The fetus becomes capable of physical movement as its skeletal structures harden. -Organs formed in the embryonic stage continue to grow and begin to function,
- Sex organs start developing
What is the threshold of viability?
Sometime between 23 weeks and 25 weeks, the fetus reaches the threshold of viability—the age at which a baby can survive in the event of a premature birth.
