Chap 10: Motivation (2) Flashcards
What happens during the plateau phase?
During the plateau phase, physiological arousal usually continues to build but at a much slower pace.
Define an orgasm.
Orgasm occurs when sexual arousal reaches its peak intensity and is discharged in a series of muscular contractions that pulsate through the pelvic
area.
What occurs during the resolution phase?
During the resolution phase, the physiological changes produced by sexual arousal gradually subside.
If orgasm has not occurred, the reduction in sexual tension may be relatively slow.
What is the refractory period males experience?
After orgasm, men experience a refractory period, a time following orgasm during which they are largely unresponsive to further stimulation.
What is Robert Trivers’ parental investment theory?
Parental investment theory maintains that a species’ mating patterns depend on what each sex has to invest—in terms of time, energy, and survival risk—to produce and nurture offspring.
ex: Males tend to mate with many women as they invest very little during copulation, whereas women are more selective because they will potentially invest 9 months in nurturing the child.
What is the affiliation motive?
The affiliation motive is the need to associate with others and maintain social bonds.
Define ostracism.
Ostracism involves being ignored and excluded by others in your social environment.
Define the achievement motive.
The achievement motive is the need to master difficult challenges, to outperform others, and to meet high standards of excellence.
Need for achievement and need for affiliation can be measured effectively with the__________.
Need for achievement and need for affiliation can be measured effectively with the Thematic Apperception Test.
What is the thematic apperception test?
The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective test, one that requires participants to respond to vague, ambiguous stimuli in ways that may reveal personal motives and traits.
What are the situational factors that influence the tendency to pursue achievement?
- The strength of one’s motivation to achieve success. This is viewed as a stable aspect of personality.
- One’s estimate of the probability of success for the task at hand. This varies from task to task.
- The incentive value of success. This depends on the tangible and intangible rewards for success in the specific task
Define emotion.
Emotion involves (1) a subjective
conscious experience (the cognitive component), accompanied by (2) bodily arousal (the physiological component), and (3) characteristic overt expressions (the behavioral component).
Define affective forecasting.
Affective forecasting—efforts to predict one’s emotional reactions to future events
Much of the discernible physiological arousal associated with emotion occurs through the actions of the ___________.
Much of the discernible physiological arousal associated with emotion occurs through the actions of the autonomic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the highly emotional _________response, which is largely modulated by the __________that radiate throughout the body.
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the highly emotional fight-or-flight response, which is largely modulated by the release of adrenal hormones
that radiate throughout the body
