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CMS- Introductory and Certified > Champagne and sparkling wine > Flashcards

Champagne and sparkling wine Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

which is the only AOC wine in france that doesnt need to display ‘appellation controlee’ ?

A

champagne

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2
Q

where is the name champagne protected by law ?

A

in all EU countries
Australia
New zealand.

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3
Q

SOIL profile of champagne region

A

Belemnite chalk
micraster chalk
kimmerifgian clay - cote de bars

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4
Q

what is the purpose of chalk in the soil

A

it provides good drainage while retaining jsut teh right amount of moisture.

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5
Q

Name the regions of champagne

A
  • Montagne de reims
  • Vallee de la marne
  • Cote de blancs
  • Cote de sezanne
  • Cote de bars – Aube.
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6
Q

name the river that runs through the champagne region

A

River Marne

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7
Q

where are the main champagne producers loacted?

A

in and around
reims
epernay
Ay.

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8
Q

What is CIVC

A

Comite Interprofessionel du Vin de Champagne.

    • governing body of champagne
    • enforces all AOC regulations
    • 1941
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9
Q

Name the 7 grapes of chardonnay

A 
Pinot noir
pinot meunier
chardonnay - w
arbane- w
petit meslier
pinot blanc
pinot gris
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10
Q

where are most of the black grapes grown in champagne

A

montagne de reims

valle de la marne

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11
Q

where are msot of the white grapes/chardonnay grown in champagne

A

cote de blanc

cote de sezanne

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12
Q

Name the 4 methods of pruning that are permitted

A

Guyot simple and double
Chablis
Cordon de royat
valle de la marne - only for pinot noir

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13
Q

what is l’Echelle-des-crus champagne

A

grapes graded from 100 -80% based on
soil, climate, altitude, grape variety etc
* to fix a price for the grapes of each vinatge

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14
Q

grades in the l’echelle-des-crus champagne

A

100 - grand cru classe
90-99 = premier cru classe
80-89 = cru classe

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15
Q

CM?

A

cooperative de manipulant

made by a cooperative

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16
Q

NM

A

Negociant manipulant

** wine sold under the name of the House which made it

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17
Q

RM

A

Recoltant manipulant

** champagne produced by a grower from their own grapes

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18
Q

RC

A

Recoltant Cooperateur

** wine is produced by cooperative, but sold by the grower of the grapes

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19
Q

MA

A

Marque d’Acheteur

** champagne bought from producer and sold under other brand name

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20
Q

SR

A

Societe de Recoltant

** chmpg sold under brand name created by growers of same family

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21
Q

NR

A

Negociant Distributeur

** companys buy, rebrands and sells champagne

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22
Q

the term la methode champenoise is applied to?

A

only in france
secondary fermentation in bottle
only method allowed by CIVC for champagne production

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23
Q

what are other “la methode champenoise” terms?

A 
la methode traditionnelle
methode classique
metodo classico
traditional method
classic method
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24
Q

which country is not restricted to use the term la methode champenoise

A

US

but if wine is exported to EU then labelling must compy with legislation

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25
Q

what is the qty of must permitted to be extracted from grapes in champagne?

A

2550L from 4000kg grapes
OR
100L from 157 kg grapes

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26
Q

what is the standard size press of champagne

A

4000kg

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27
Q

what is the first 2050L of press called

A

vin de cuvee

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28
Q

what are the final 500L of press called

A

vin de taille

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29
Q

what container is the must transferred to fo the first fermentation?

A

stainless steel vats
glass lined vats
oak barrels

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30
Q

name few champagne brands that are fermented in oak barrels

A

Krug
Bollinger
Alfred gratien
Vilmart

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31
Q

is champagne allowed to go through malolactic fermentation?

A

yes

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32
Q

when does the assemblage to prepare the cuvee happen

A

late feb

early march

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33
Q

what is assemblage

A

blend

hallmark or style of each champagne house

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34
Q

how many wines and years does a non vintage champagne cosist of

A

40-50 wines

10 different years

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35
Q

vinatge champagne is made from a blend of just ___ year

A

one

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36
Q

what is liqueur de tirage

A 
liquid sugar
yeast
tannin
finings.
** it induces 2nd fermenation in the bottle
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37
Q

what happens if too much (sugar) liqueur de tirage is added

A

bottle explodes

too much co2 produced

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38
Q

what is autolysis

A

gradual breakdown of the yeats

** adds complexity and and flavour during 2nd fermentation

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39
Q

what is sur latte

A

bottles stored on side

    • left to mature for min 15 yrs fo non vintage
    • 3 yrs for vintage
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40
Q

how many years is KRUG grand cuvee matured for

A

6 yrs

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41
Q

what is remuage

A

movement of all sediment of dead yeast cells caused by 2nd fermentation into the plastic cup

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42
Q

what is the plastic cup called

A

bidule

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43
Q

what is the traditional method of remuage

A

shake the bottle thoroughly to loosen the sediment and then place the bottles into pupitres.

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44
Q

what is the time period a bottle spends in a pupitre

A

12-20 weeks

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45
Q

what is the inverted position of the bottle in the pupitre called

A

sur le pointe

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46
Q

how many bottles can a top remuer riddle

A

40,000 bottles per day

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47
Q

what is the mechanincal system of remuage called

A

gyropalette
girosol
very large machine = VLM

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48
Q

how many bottles can a gyropalette hold?

A

504 bottles

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49
Q

what is mise sur pointe

A

inverted position which the bottle is left in before degorgement

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50
Q

which marque by house of bollinger is kept for 10 yrs before degorgement

A

bollinger RD

RD = recemment degorge

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51
Q

what does LD mean on a champagne bottle

A

late disgorged

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52
Q

name the 2 methods used for degorgement

A

traditional a la volee

moderm method = a la glace

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53
Q

what is the tarditional method ( a la volee)

A

removing the closure while turning the bottle neck upwards,
sediment and wine forced out by gas pressure
** used by small producer , machine = expensive

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54
Q

what is the modern - a la glace method

A

bottle neck dipped in freezing brine solution

  • freezes pellet of wine near neck along with sediments
  • crown top released either by hand or machine
  • gas forces pellet and sediment out
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55
Q

what is dosage

A

sweetened wine added after wine is lost in degorgemnet

* determines style of wine

56
Q

brut nature

A

bone dry
non dosage
0-3 g/L

57
Q

brut

A

very dry
dry
0-6 g/l
0-12 g/l

58
Q

extra sec

A

off dry

12-17 g/l

59
Q

sec

A

medium

17-32 g/l

60
Q

demi sec

A

sweet

32-50 g/l

61
Q

doux

A

very sweet
rich
50 upwards

62
Q

what is dosage also called

A

liqueur d’expedition

63
Q

how many months is wine kept for after bottling and before selling

A

6 mnths

64
Q

quarter bottle

A

185 ml

65
Q

half bottle

A

375 ml

66
Q

bottle

A

750 ml

67
Q

magnum

A

1.5 L

2 b

68
Q

jeroboam

A

3 l

4 b

69
Q

methuselah

A

6 l

8 b

70
Q

salmanazar

A

9l

12b

71
Q

balthazar

A

12l

16 b

72
Q

nebuchadnezzar

A

15 l

20b

73
Q

solomon

A

18 l

24b

74
Q

primat

A

27l

36 b

75
Q

why were the rehoboam and imperial pint sizes discontinued in 1989 EU law

A

all bottlesabove magnum must be multiples of 1 ltr

76
Q

which bottles are made to order and are rare

A

solomon

primat

77
Q

dom perignon was the cellar master at?

A

The abbey at Hautvillers

1670-1715

78
Q

who currently ownes the Abbey

A

House of moet et chandon

79
Q

what had moet et chandon nicknamed their luxe marque

A

dom perignon

80
Q

what did dom perignon invent

A

la methode champenoise

sp white wine from black grapes

81
Q

who invented the remuage part

A

Madam nicole-barbe Clicquot-Ponsardin

82
Q

what is blanc de blanc

A

champagne made entirely from chardonnay grapes

** comes from cote de blancs

83
Q

what is blanc de noirs

A

entirely black grapes

dark straw color

84
Q

what is rose champagne

A

pink champagne
strawberry bouquet
** blending 8-9 % coteaux champenoise rouge wine and white wine before bottling
** or short contact with skin of grape

85
Q

which is the only AOC wine for rose where blending white and black grapes is allowed

A

rose champagne

86
Q

where does the best coteaux champenoise rouge come from

A

Bouzy

87
Q

Name few rose champagne producers

A

House of gosset

  • Perrier jouet
  • laurent perrier
  • billicart-salmon
  • Gatinois - Ay
  • Paul dethune - Ambonnay
88
Q

what is cuvee de prestige

A

unregulated term

* top brands of champagne houses

89
Q

billicart salmon

A

grand cuvee

cuvee elizabeth salmon rose

90
Q

bollinger

A

grand annee

91
Q

duval leroy

A

femme de champagne

92
Q

krug

A 
collection
grand cuvee (multi-vintage)
93
Q

laurent perrier

A

grand siecle la cuvee

94
Q

louis roederer

A

cristal brut

95
Q

moet et chandon

A

dom perignon

96
Q

G H Mumm

A

cuvee R Lalou

97
Q

Perrier-Jouet

A

Belle Epoque

98
Q

Perrier- Jouet Rose

A

Fleur de champagne

99
Q

Philipponat

A

clos des goisses

100
Q

pol roger

A

winsten churchill

101
Q

pommery

A

cuvee louise

102
Q

ruinart

A

dom ruinart

103
Q

taittinger

A

comtes de champagne

taitting prelude

104
Q

Veuve clicquot

A

la grande dame

105
Q

Vilmart

A

Coeur de cuvee

106
Q

what is clos du mesnil

A

100% chardonnay champagne of Krug

107
Q

what is clos d’Ambonnay

A

100% pinot noir champagne of Krug

108
Q

what is coteaux champenoise

A

AOC for still wines of champagne

109
Q

what is rendement

A

the amount of grapes permitted to be used from one hectare of vines for the year
set by CIVC

110
Q

what is ratafia de champagne

A

Vin de Liqueur

* addition of neutral spirit to unfermented grape juice

111
Q

what is marc d champagne

A

brandy

produced from the distillation of skinds, stalks, pips left after pressing of grapes

112
Q

what is blocage

A

system of putting wine in reserve in good years for use in poor years.
when harvest is short or large increase in sales.
* wines are stored in bulk in stainless steel vats

113
Q

what is deblocage

A

release of blocage wines.

only with the consent of the CIVC

114
Q

what is cremant

A

AC dry sp wines produced in areas of france other than champagne
made by traditionelle method

115
Q

examples of cremant

A
  • loire cremant de loire = anjou and touraine
  • cremant d’alsace
  • cremant de die = rhone
  • cremant de bourgogne
116
Q

which regions produce sp wines in california

A

napa and sonoma

117
Q

What are spanish sp wines called made by traditional method

A

cava

118
Q

what are spanish sp wines called if not made by traditional method

A

Vinos espumosos

119
Q

which is the wine in Italy made by traditional method

A

Franciacorta - lombardy

metado classimo or talento

120
Q

sp wines of italy made by cuve close method

A

muscato d’asti

prosecco

121
Q

what is the cuve close method also know as

A

tank charmat process

122
Q

what is the charmat process

A
  • wine is pumped into large tanks - measured qty of sugar and yeast
  • temp controlled to aid secondary fermentation
  • wine circulated in closed tanks by propellers
  • wine is drawn off through filters, still under pressure and bottled.
123
Q

where is the charmat process allowed

A

qualitatswein from germany - ex = trocken sekt

DOC in italy- ex = asti

124
Q

what is the transversage method

A

2nd fermentation and degorgement is in bottle for champagne

  • chilled and placed in tank
  • dosage added, filtered
  • rebottled under pressure in clean bottles
125
Q

what is the methode dioise ancestrale

A

bottling the wine before it has finished fermenting.

  • slightly cloudy
  • sweet
126
Q

what is the carbonation method

A

quickest and cheapest

* co2 pumped into chilled tanks.

127
Q

vin mousseux

A

french term for sp wine

* also AOC in vouvray

128
Q

petillant

A

slightly sparkling

129
Q

perlant

A

french = very lightly sparkling

130
Q

spritzig

A

german = slightly sparkling

131
Q

schaumwein

A

german = sp wine of lowest quality

132
Q

perlwein

A

german = slightly sp, by carbonation method

133
Q

sekt

A

german = sparkling

134
Q

spumante

A

italian = sp

135
Q

espumante

A

portugese = sp

136
Q

espumosos

A

spanish = sp

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