Ch.9 - Articulations Flashcards
Structural classification of joints
How they’re held together
Bony fusion
Fibrous joints
Cartilaginous joints
Synovial joints
Functional classifications of joints
Degree of movement
Synarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
Diarthrosis
What does synarthrosis mean?
Immovable joint
What does amphiarthrosis mean?
Slightly moveable joint
Diarthrosis definition
Freely moveable joint (only as free as permitted)
Type of bony fusion:
Synostosis
What degree of movement do bony fusions have?
Synarthrosis (immoveable)
What degree of movement do fibrous joints have?
Synarthrosis (immovable)
Types of fibrous joints
Suture
Gomphosis
Syndesmosis
Types of cartilaginous joints
Synchondrosis
Symphysis
Types of synovial joints
Monaxial
Biaxial
Triaxial
Describe a gomphosis fibrous joint
(dentoalveolar)
Synarthrosis joint
What roots teeth into gums
Example of Synostosis
Infant 2 frontal bones fuse into one bone
Describe Syndesmosis fibrous joint
Amphiarthrosis joint
What is the alveolar process?
Socks formed for teeth by the maxilla or mandible
Different names for joints
Articulations and arthrosis
What’s the movement of synchondrosis joints
Synarthrosis
What connects synchondrosis joints to bone?
Hyaline cartilage
Define Synostosis in synchondrosis joint
When epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line
Describe a symphysis joint
In pelvis and between vertebrae, occur in midline of body
Movement of symphysis joints
Amphiarthrosis
What connects symphysis joints with bone
Pads of fibro cartilage
What is the articular capsule of a synovial joint
Fibrous capsule + synovial membrane, looks the same as periosteum
Where is the synovial fluid
Inside joint/synovial cavity
Contents of synovial fluid
Macrophages, possible red blood cells
What’s a bursae
Sacs full of synovial fluid, cushion soft parts of body (tendons) from hard parts (bone)
What connects muscle to bone
Tendon
What connects bone to bone
Ligament
What are tendon sheaths
Tube-like bursae that wrap tendons
What makes up a suture
Collagen fibers (dense fibrous connective tissue) w irregular interlocking edges
T/F: fibrous joints are found in the upper and lower extremities
F. Only in the bones of skull
What is a dentoalveolar joint?
Same as gomphosis fibrous joint
T/F: Syndesmosis joints can be found between skull bones
F. Found btw tibia/fibula + radius/ulna
T/F: it’s impossible for long bones to have more than one epiphyses
F
T/f: your bones stop growing at a certain age
F. There’s appositional growth all throughout your life
What connects synchondrosis cartilaginous joints to bone?
Hyaline cartilage
What is Synostosis joint
In long bones When epiphyseal plate becomes epiphyseal line (bony fusion)
Where are symphysis joints found
Along midline of body
What connects symphysis cartilaginous joints to bone
Pads of fibrocartilage
Example of location of symphysis cartilaginous joints
In pelvic girdle, btw vertebrae
What’s the mental symphysis
fibrocartilage Union of 2 halves of infant mandible, ossified during 1st year
Where to find bursae
Btw skin/bone, tendons/bone, muscle/bone, ligaments/bone
Btw tendon of shoulder and clavicle
Describe carpal tunnel syndrome
Inflammation of tendon sheaths
Where to find tendon sheaths
Small, complicated areas: wrist, toes, fingers, shoulder
T/f: flextime is an increase in angle between articulating bones
F. It decreases angle
Arm during flexing biceps
T/f: extension is an increase in angle btw articulating bones
T
Anatomical position
T/f: hyperextention is pathological
F
It’s just continuous extension beyond anatomical position
Ex) tilting head up at sky
T/f: abduction is movement of bone away from midline
T
T/f: addiction is movement of bone away from midline
F
Addiction moves bone towards midline
(Add.. To body thickness)
Describe circumduction of synovial joints
Moving distal end of body part in circle
Ex) arm abducted and moving in circle
T/f: rotation of synovial joint is revolving bone around its horizontal axis
F
Rotation moves around longitudinal axis
Ex) shake head no
What does depression of a synovial joint look like?
Mouth open
What does elevation of synovial joint look like
Close mouth
What’s protraction of synovial joint look like
Underbite w teeth
What’s medial rotation look like
Hold stomach, elbow out
What’s lateral rotation look like
Hold hand out, elbow in
Where are IV discs found
Btw vertebrae
What makes up IV discs
Fibrous cartilage
What’s an osteophyte
Spur on vertebrae that sticks into bone
What makes up TMJ?
Mandibular fossa of zygomatic process of temporal bone and condylar process
Define border movements
Farthest extents of movements allowed by joint, defined by ligaments
What ligaments allow movement of mandible?
Sphenomandibular
+
Stylomandibular
Where does sphenomandibular ligament attach
Spine of sphenoid bone and mandible
Where does Stylomandibular ligament attach
Styloid process of temporal bone
+
Mandible
Where is the synovial cavity of TMJ
Btw external auditory meatus and mandible
What makes up synovial cavity of TMJ
Superior compartment \+ Articular disc \+ Inferior compartment
What lines the superior and inferior compartments of synovial cavity
Synovial membrane
What makes up articular disc
Fibrocartilage
T/F: superior compartment of synovial cavity allows for pure rotation of condylar head
F
Inferior compartment allows it
T/F: articular disc moves backwards when you open your mouth
F
It moves forward in the mandibular fossa
Describe TMJ dysfunction
Articular disc slips out from btw condylar process of mandible
+
zygomatic process of temporal bone
Where is articular disc in jaw open lock
In front of where it’s supposed to be, blocks condylar process behind it
Where is the articular disc in jaw closed lock
Behind where it’s supposed to be
