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Anatomy > Ch.3 - Cellular Level Of Organization > Flashcards

Ch.3 - Cellular Level Of Organization Flashcards

1
Q

What are Germline cells?

A

Reproductive (sex) cells

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2
Q

Name the male germline cell

A

Spermatazoan

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3
Q

Name the female germline cell

A

Ovum

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4
Q

Where are somatic cells found?

A

In the body

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5
Q

What does analogous mean?

A

Critical to function

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6
Q

What does the cytoplasm contain?

A

Organelles and cytosol

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7
Q

Where is the cytoplasm?

A

Between plasma membrane and nucleus

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8
Q

Another name for cytosol is:

A

INTRAcellular fluid (inside cell)

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9
Q

Name the Two types of fluid inside cytosol

A

Intracellular fluid & interstitial fluid

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10
Q

Where is the interstitial fluid?

A

Outside of cell, similar composition of blood plasma

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11
Q

What is a cation?

A

Positive charged ion

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12
Q

What’s the name of a negatively charged ion?

A

Anion

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13
Q

If there’s a higher concentration of Na in the cytosol, what concentration will be in the interstitial fluid? Higher or lower?

A

Lower

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14
Q

What do nucleic acids do?

A

Store & Transfer genetic info

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15
Q

Two most important nucleic acids are:

A

RNA and DNA

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16
Q

What’s the process of turning DNA into RNA to Proteins? (Protein synthesis)

A

DNA makes mRNA
mRNA leaves nucleus, grabs free ribosome OR a fixed ribosome on ER
Proteins from free ribosomes = released into cytosol, proteins from fixed ribosomes = fold
Folded proteins go through RER & to Golgi
Go into Golgi through cis face
Goes through Golgi & outside trans face as lysosomes, secretory, or membrane renewal

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17
Q

what are the types of vesicles produced from proteins that are released by the Golgi’s maturing trans face

A

Lysosomes, membrane renewal, or secretory

18
Q

What do secretory vesicles do?

A

Bind with plasma membrane and release their contents outside of cell by exocytosis

19
Q

What do membrane renewal vesicles do?

A

Add new lipids and proteins to the membrane

20
Q

What regulates gene expression?

A

Signaling pathways

21
Q

What is translation?

A

Genetic info inside mRNA is made into protein (amino acid chain)

22
Q

What is transcription?

A

Strand of DNA copied to mRNA

23
Q

What is primary function of mitochondria?

A

Make ATP (cellular respiration)

24
Q

Options for proteins to go from trans face of Golgi made from free ribosomes:

A

Released in cytosol, mitochondria, or nucleus

25
Q

What are requirements of making ATP?

A

O2 and glucose

26
Q

Products of making ATP:

A

CO2, H2O, and heat

27
Q

What is lumen?

A

Enclosed space/cavity

28
Q

What’s inside the lumen of ER?

A

Proteins

29
Q

Functions of ER

A

Synthesis: proteins, carbs, and lipids
Storage
Transport
Detoxify

30
Q

What does rough ER do?

A

Makes proteins

31
Q

What does smooth ER do?

A

Makes lipids and glycogen, can’t make proteins

32
Q

What does Golgi do?

A

Modifies & packages proteins, sorts them depending on their destination
UPS of cell

33
Q

What do primary lysosomes do when they leave Golgi?

A

Stay in the cytosol with their digestive enzymes

34
Q

Function of lysosomes

A

Break down damaged organelles and material taken from outside cell by endocytosis
Taking in good stuff from outside cell
Kind of like a cleaning lady of cell

35
Q

What is endocytosis?

A

Lysosomes pull in stuff from outside and surround it by vesicles

36
Q

What is exocytosis?

A

When a lysosome breaks down a damaged organelle, it sends the bad stuff out through the plasma membrane

37
Q

Function of peroxisomes

A

Breaks down long chain fatty acids & some amino acids

38
Q

Product of peroxisomes

A

Hydrogen peroxide

39
Q

Function of cytoskeleton

A

Cell shape
Supports plasma membrane
Holds in place: Golgi, mitochondria, & nucleus
Mediates movement inside cytoplasm

40
Q

Two fundamental classes of cells?

A

Germline and Somatic

Anatomy (15 decks)

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