Ch. 20 - Heart Anatomy

Question 1

what separates the thoracic cavity from ventral cavity

Answer 1

diaphragm

Question 2

purpose of mediastinum

Answer 2

divide thoracic cavity into 2 pleural cavities (lungs)

Question 3

location of heart

Answer 3

between 2nd rib and 5th intercostal space

Question 4

what reduces friction between organs? where does it come from?

Answer 4

serous fluid. mesothelium of the serious membrane

Question 5

layers of pericardium from outside-in

Answer 5

parietal, visceral (epicardium)

Question 6

layers of tissues around heart

Answer 6

fibrous pericardium (pericardial sac), parietal pericardium, visceral pericardium, serous pericardium

Question 7

what type of tissue is pericardial sac (fibrous pericardium)

Answer 7

dense connective irregular

-bc it has to be strong in all directions

Question 8

name for cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 8

myocardium

Question 9

what makes up the endocardium

Answer 9

areolar tissue + endothelium

Question 10

what makes up epicardium

Answer 10

areolar tissue + mesothelium

Question 11

name for area of dead cardiac muscle cells

Answer 11

infarct

Question 12

what makes up plaque

Answer 12

cholesterol, fat, Ca+

Question 13

T/F: blood vessels are elastic

Answer 13

true, bc they have to be able to compensate for pressure changes

Question 14

what vessels supply the right atrium with deoxygenated blood

Answer 14

coronary sinus, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava

Question 15

what is distension?

Answer 15

expansion due to pressure from within

Question 16

type of tissue that makes up walls of heart

Answer 16

connective tissue

Question 17

what structure connects pulmonary trunk to aortic arch?

Answer 17

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 18

where do you find pectinate muscles?

Answer 18

in both atria

Question 19

where do you find papillary muscles, chordae tendinae, and trabeculae carneae?

Answer 19

only in ventricles

Question 20

what structure arrises from the foramen ovale?

Answer 20

fossa ovalis

Question 21

what is the fossa ovalis?

Answer 21

window between the two atria

Question 22

what structures prevent valves from prolapsing?

Answer 22

papillary muscles + chordae tendineae

-chords hold onto muscles and valves

Question 23

what vessels are involved in the pulmonary circuit?

Answer 23

pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins, capillary beds in lungs

Question 24

what vessels are involved in systemic circuit?

Answer 24

aorta + branches, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus, capillary beds in all body tissues

Question 25

flow through heart, begin w R. Atrium

Answer 25

R. atrium, (tricuspid/right AV valve), R. ventricle, (pulmonary/semilunar valve), pulmonary arteries, lungs, pulmonary veins, L. atrium, (mitral/bicuspid valve), L. ventricle, (aortic/semilunar valve), body, systemic veins, inferior or superior vena cava, R. atrium.

Question 26

T/F: Semilunar valves have papillary muscles and chordeneae tendinae

Answer 26

F. only AV valves have them

Question 27

what happens if a valve prolapses?

Answer 27

blood flows back the wrong way