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Anatomy > Ch.21 - The Circulatory System > Flashcards

Ch.21 - The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

which vessels have thicker walls?

A

arteries

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2
Q

T/F: veins have valves

A

True, some do

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3
Q

where does gas exchange occur?

A

in capillary beds

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4
Q

what makes up capillary walls?

A

simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

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5
Q

purpose of vasa vasorum

A

provides O2 to walls of larger vessels

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6
Q

T/F: arteries have valves

A

False

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7
Q

location of vasa vasorum

A

outer layer of vessels

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8
Q

pathway of blood flow

A

arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, veins

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9
Q

difference btw capillaries in arteries and veins

A

arterial capillaries are not spaced out, don’t have pores (space btw endothelial cells) like vein capillaries

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10
Q

which is deeper, veins or arteries?

A

arteries

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11
Q

what are arterioles?

A

connect arteries to capillaries, where pressure drop occurs

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12
Q

what is tunica media?

A

has smooth muscle that causes vasoconstriction, and relaxes for vasodilation, highly innervated (lots of nerves)

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13
Q

what is vascular tone?

A

degree of constriction of blood vessel, constrictor influences + dilator influences

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14
Q

what vessels do we have most control over?

A

arterioles

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15
Q

what are intrinsic factors?

A

local affects, constriction/dilation, hypoxia

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16
Q

what are extrinsic factors?

A

systemic/whole body affects, hormones, sympathetic innervation

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17
Q

difference btw capillaries in CNS and non-CNS

A

capillaries in CNS have tight junctions, do not have openings (blood-brain barrier)

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18
Q

what does ubiquitous mean

A

everywhere

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19
Q

function of capillaries

A

site of diffusion btw blood and interstitial fluid, gas exchange

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20
Q

what must you have in order to have blood-brain barrier

A

tight junctions in epithelial cells, preventing things from entering/exiting

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21
Q

describe capillary beds

A

tissues requiring large amt of O2 & blood (highly vascularized), some are avascular (cartilage, cornea of eye, lens, epithelia)

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22
Q

what tissues are avascular

A

cartilage, cornea of eye, lens of eye, epithelia

23
Q

are ligaments and tendons vascular or avascular

A

slightly vascular

24
Q

how does your body react to when you are hot?

A

superficial vascular plexus dilates to release excess heat

25
Q

what is venous return

A

blood going back to heart

26
Q

describe muscular pump

A

runs through skeletal muscle, contraction and relaxation of skeletal muscles surrounding deep veins to push blood upwards

27
Q

describe respiratory pump

A

pressure changes in ventral body cavity during breathing, moves blood up towards heart.

28
Q

what influences respiratory pump

A

increases abdominal pressure, decreases thoracic pressure

29
Q

what does diaphragm do when you inhale

A

drops to increase abdominal pressure

30
Q

what is venous reserve?

A

amount of blood stored while we are at rest

31
Q

where can we find venous reserve?

A

in systemic veins & venuoles of abdominal organs (liver & spleen) and veins of the skin

32
Q

how to access venous reserve?

A

spleen contracts to push blood out @ time of hemorrhage

33
Q

what is circulatory pressure

A

pressure difference btw base of ascending aorta and entrance to R atrium

34
Q

what is blood pressure

A

arterial pressure, pressure in systemic arterial circuit, bc arteries are where you feel your pulse to check blood pressure

35
Q

what is capillary hydrostatic pressure?

A

pressure in capillary beds thats pushing stuff outside (declines along length of capillary)

36
Q

what is venous pressure

A

pressure in veins (very low)

37
Q

formula for stroke volume

A

end diastolic volume - end systolic volume

38
Q

what is pulse pressure

A

rise in aortic pressure from systolic to diastolic

systolic pressure - diastolic pressure

39
Q

what is bulk flow?

A

inc in pressure (systolic) is followed by dec in pressure (diastolic)
(blood flow in cardiovascular system)

40
Q

formula for blood flow

A

change in pressure divided by resistance

41
Q

what are sources of resistance?

A

blood viscosity, blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter

42
Q

what does viscosity mean

A

state of being thick

43
Q

what conditions affect blood viscosity

A

anemia or polycythemia

44
Q

how does blood vessel length affect resistance

A

the longer the vessel, the more resistant

45
Q

how does vessel diameter affect resistance

A

bigger the vessel, the less resistance

46
Q

which source of resistance can be changes the quickest? where? why?

A

vessel diameter. arterioles. bc we have the most control of vascular tone

47
Q

in what vessel does the steepest drop in blood pressure happen? why?

A

arterioles, bc they have the most resistance

48
Q

what happens to blood vessel when volume increases?

A

walls expand to accommodate

49
Q

where is blood flow the slowest? why?

A

in capillaries. bc this is site of gas exchange

50
Q

describe inverse relationship btw blood flow velocity and cross-sectional area

A

inc in area = dec in velocity of flow, dec in area = inc in flow.
if theres more area for blood to flow through, it takes more time to pass

51
Q

how do extrinsic factors affect blood flow

A

generally set the tone of blood flow

52
Q

how to intrinsic (local) factors affect blood flow

A

respond immediately to demands of tissue

53
Q

where does “local vasodilation” occur?

A

arterioles bc we have most control over them

54
Q

why is there a pressure drop in arterioles?

A

bc they have to drain blood into capillaries which have much smaller area

Anatomy (15 decks)

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