Ch.5 - Integumentary System (Skin) Flashcards

1
Q

2 layers of skin

A

Epidermis and dermis

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2
Q

Skin is made up of 2 parts:

A

Cutaneous membrane and hair/nails/multicellular exocrine glands

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3
Q

Classification of epidermis epithelial cells

A

Superficial stratified squamous epithelium

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4
Q

What makes up a membrane?

A

Epithelial sheet + underlying connective tissue proper

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5
Q

What are plexus?

A

Network of blood vessels or nerves

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6
Q

How do microvascular plexus look in skin?

A

2 horizontal plexuses

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7
Q

What are 2 horizontal plexuses?

A

Superficial vascular and deep

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8
Q

Describe superficial plexus

A

Group of microvascular plexus lying just below junction between dermis and epidermis

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9
Q

Describe deep plexus

A

Lies at interface of dermis and hypodermis

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10
Q

3 characteristics of epithelial tissue

A

Avascular, highly regenerative, and lots of nerves

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11
Q

What is desiccation?

A

Drying out by evaporation

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12
Q

Defense mechanisms against micro-organisms

A

Tight junctions
Langerhan’s cells
Low pH of skin secretions
Bacterial secretions

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13
Q

How do tight junctions help integumentary system fight micro-organisms?

A

(The net looking junction) Resist microbes by preventing them from sneezing through space btw cells

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14
Q

How do Langerhan’s cells help against micro-organisms?

A

Help activate immune systems

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15
Q

What helps skin protect itself from UV rays?

A

Melanin

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16
Q

Describe how skin regulates body temp (thermoregulation)

A

Cold environment = superficial vascular plexus constricts

Warm environment = superficial vascular plexus dilates allowing heat loss

17
Q

What is calcitriol?

A

Active form of vitamin D, helps maintain calcium homeostasis by absorbing more calcium

18
Q

Where is vitamin D3 created?

A

In dermal blood vessels

19
Q

What are keratinocytes?

A

In epidermis, Produce large amounts of keratin

20
Q

What are melanocytes?

A

In epidermis, make melanin (skin tone)

21
Q

What are Langerhan’s cells?

A

In epidermis, they activate immune system

22
Q

What are merkel cells?

A

In epidermis, touch receptors (allow feelings)

23
Q

What is keratin?

A

Protein that makes intermediate filaments of cytoskeleton

24
Q

Layers of epidermis in order from deep to superficial

A
Stratum basal 
Stratum spinosum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum corneum
25
Epithelial classification of stratum basale layer
Single row of mainly keratinocytes, some melanocytes, and sometimes Merkel cells
26
What are projections from melanocytes?
Dendrites, extend from stratum basale to stratum spinosum
27
What do the melanocyte dendrites do?
Melanin is transported down it and released by exocytosis.
28
What are melanosomes?
Membrane-bounded vesicles that carry melanin through dendrites of melanocytes
29
How does melanin leave the melanocyte?
It's produced in the cell, transported down dendrites and melanosome, then released from melanosome by exocytosis
30
Cells that make up stratum spinosum
Keratinocytes - tonofilaments | Langerhan's
31
Cells make up stratum granulosum
Keratohyaline granules - break down tonofilaments | Lamellar granules - waterproof
32
Cells make up stratum lucidum
Dead cells
33
Cells make up stratum corneum
Dead cells covered in glycolipids
34
Describe papillary later of dermis
Areolar connective tissue proper, | Dermal papillae
35
Describe reticular layer of dermis
Dense irregular connective tissue, Collagen fibers bundled, Elastic fibers loosely arranged Langer's lines
36
Way of secretion by sebaceous glands
Halocrine
37
Way of secretion by sudoriferous glands
Mereocrine, exocytosis