Ch8 DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

Gene

A
  1. base sequence of DNA
  2. codes for a polypeptide
  3. codes for functional RNA
  4. found at specific locus
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1
Q

Degenerate code

A

amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet

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2
Q

Non-overlapping code

A

each base in the sequence is only read once

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3
Q

Universal code

A

each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms

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4
Q

Triplet code

A
  1. 20 different amino acids
  2. 4 bases in DNA
  3. 4^2= 16 is inadequate
  4. 4^3 = 64 codes
  5. amino acids coded for by 3 bases
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5
Q

Allele

A

alternative forms of a gene

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6
Q

Genome

A

complete set of genes in a cell

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7
Q

Proteome

A

complete set of proteins produced by the genome

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8
Q

Structure mRNA

A
  1. long strand
  2. single helix
  3. contains exons
  4. has codons
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9
Q

Structure tRNA

A
  1. small molecule
  2. single-stranded
  3. has anticodon specific to amino acid
  4. clover leaf shaped
  5. has paired bases
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10
Q

Codon

A

sequence of 3 bases that codes for amino acid

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11
Q

Transcription

A
  1. DNA helicase at specific DNA region causes strands to separate
  2. free RNA nucleotides pair with complementary nucleotides on template strand
  3. RNA polymerase moves along strand and joins sugar-phosphate backbone
  4. detaches at stop codon
  5. produces pre-mRNA
  6. DNA reforms
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12
Q

Splicing

A
  1. remove introns(non-coding genes)
  2. if not, would produce non-functional polypeptides
  3. produces mRNA
  4. leave by nuclear pore
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13
Q

Translation

A
  1. ribosome attaches to codon on mRNA
  2. tRNA with complementary anticodon binds to codons
  3. each have specific amino acid attached
  4. ribosome moves along mRNA, brining together tRNA
  5. enzyme and ATP create peptide bond between amino acids
  6. ends at stop codon
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14
Q

Prokaryotic DNA

A
  1. no introns
  2. circular
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15
Q

Locus

A

fixed position position of a gene on a chromosome

16
Q

Mechanism of DNA polymerase

A
  1. DNA polymerase
  2. specific tertiary structure
  3. complementary to 5’ end
  4. 3’ end is difference shape
  5. adds nucleotides in 5’ to 3’ direction