Ch5 Diseases Flashcards
1
Q
immune system identification
A
- pathogens
- non-self material
- toxins
- abnormal body cells(cancer)
2
Q
phagocytosis
A
- pathogen releases chemicals
- phaogycte is attracted
- phagocyte specific receptors binds to pathogen
- phaogcyte engulfs pathogen
- forms vesicle- phagosome
- lysosomes fuse with vesicle and release digestive lysozyme enzymes
- pathogen is hydrolysed
3
Q
pathogen
A
- disease-causing microorganism
- bacteria, virus, fungi
4
Q
body’s defense
A
- non-specifc
- specific response
5
Q
non-specific
A
- skin
- cilia and mucus in lungs
- stomach acid
6
Q
antigen
A
- protein on surface of pathogen
- stimulates immune response
7
Q
B- lymphocytes
A
- mature in bone marrow
- humoral immunity
8
Q
T-lymphocytes
A
- mature in thymus gland
- cell-mediated immunity
9
Q
T-lymphocytes
A
- phagocytes engulf and destroy pathogens
- present antigens on csm
- t lymphocyte with complementary receptor binds to antigen and become stimulated
- stimulated to divide by mitosis
- clones to produce t cytotoxic, helper and memory cells
10
Q
B lymphocytes
A
- engulfs(endocytosis) and present antigens on csm
- t helper cells bind to antigen
- b lymphocyte is stimulated and divides by mitosis
- clones to produce plasma cells and memory cells
11
Q
cytotoxic t lymphocytes
A
- produces perforin
- produce holes in pathogen cell membrane
- csm becomes freely permeable and cell dies
12
Q
plasma cells
A
- produces antibodies into blood plasma
13
Q
memory cells
A
- remain in blood
- recognise older pathogen
- produces larger volume of antibodies at a quicker rate
14
Q
Antibody structure
A
- globular protein
- 4 polypeptide chains
- heavy
-light - variable region
- antigen binding site
- forms antigen-antibody complex
- different for every one - constant region
- binds to phagocytes
15
Q
Antibody function
A
- stimulates phagocytosis
- causes agglutination of bacterial cells
