Ch2 ATP and Water

Question 1

Structure of ATP

Answer 1

1. adenine
2. ribose
3. 3 phosphates

Question 2

ATP stores energy

Answer 2

1. hydrolysis
2. bonds between phosphates have low activation energy
3. bonds easily break (unstable)
4. release energy

Question 3

ATP equation

Answer 3

ATP + H2O -> ADP + Pi + E

Question 4

Synthesis of ATP

Answer 4

1. condensation reaction
2. catalysed by ATP synthase

Question 5

Locations of ATP synthase

Answer 5

1. light dependent reaction
2. oxidative phosphorylation
3. substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 6

Advantage of ATP

Answer 6

1. quick single reaction
2. energy released in smaller, manageable quantities

Question 7

Disadvantage of other energy sources

Answer 7

1. series of reactions take longer
2. energy released is larger and less manageable

Question 8

ATP uses

Answer 8

1. metabolic processes
2. muscle contraction
3. active transport
4. secretion
5. activation of molecules

Question 9

metabolic processes

Answer 9

build up macromolecules from basic units

Question 10

secrection

Answer 10

forms lysosomes

Question 11

activation of molecules

Answer 11

1. inorganic phosphate phosphorylates other compounds e.g. glycolysis
2. lowers activation energy

Question 12

Hydrogen bonding

Answer 12

1. oxygen’s has higher electronegativity
2. creates dipole
3. partially positive hydrogen becomes negative to partially negative oxygens on other molecules
4. hydrogen bonds form

Question 13

Specific heat capacity of water

Answer 13

1. High boiling point
2. requires lots of energy to overcome hydrogen bonds
3. requires more energy to increase temperature of 1g by 1°C

Question 14

SHC advantages

Answer 14

1. acts as a buffer against sudden temperature variation
2. water makes up 80% cell content
3. regulates temperature in organisms
4. aquatic organisms rely on water for stable temperature range

Question 15

Latent heat of vaporisation of water

Answer 15

1. hydrogen bonds
2. requires lots of energy to evaporate 1g H2O(l)

Question 16

LHV advantage

Answer 16

1. body heat used to evaporate water
2. allows efficient cooling (homeostasis)

Question 17

Cohesion

Answer 17

1. hydrogen bonds
2. high tendency of molecules to stick together

Question 18

Surface tension

Answer 18

1. water molecules pulled back into body of water
2. rather then escaping when they meet air

Question 19

Surface tension advantage

Answer 19

1. water surface acts as skin
2. strong enough to support small organisms

Question 20

Cohesion advanatge

Answer 20

1. transpiration stream in xylem
2. helps blood through vessels in cardiovascular system

Question 21

Water in metabolism

Answer 21

1. breaks down complex molecules via digestion
2. produced in condensation reactions
3. chemical reactions occur in aqueous mediums
4. used in photosynthesis

Question 22

Water as solvent

Answer 22

dissolves in
1. O2 and CO2
2. ammonia and urea
3. ions, amino acids, ATP and monosaccharides
4. enzymes

Question 23

Important features

Answer 23

1. specific heat capacity
2. transparent
3. not easily compressed
4. cohesion
5. latent heat evaporation
6. surface tension

Question 24

Transparency

Answer 24

1.aquatic plants can photosynthesis
2. light reach retina through fluid in eyes

Question 25

Compressability

Answer 25

1. provides support
2. hydrostatic skeleton of earthworm
3. turgor pressure in herbaceous plants