Ch6 Digestion Flashcards

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1
Q

Oesophagus

A

carries food from mouth to stomach

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2
Q

Stomach functions

A
  1. muscular sac
  2. glands produces proteases
  3. acidic pH denatures amylase
  4. stores and digests food
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3
Q

Ileum

A
  1. inner walls folded into microvilli for large SA
  2. epithelial lining have membrane-bound disaccharides
  3. absorbs products of digestion into bloodstream
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4
Q

Large intestine

A
  1. absorbs water from secretions of digestive glands
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5
Q

Salivary glands

A
  1. produces amylase
  2. secrete by duct into mouth
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6
Q

Pancrease

A
  1. produces proteases
  2. produces lipase
  3. produces amylase
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7
Q

Amylase

A
  1. salivary amylase in mouth
  2. pancreatic amylase in small intestine
  3. hydrolyses alternate glycosidic bonds of starch
  4. produces maltose
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8
Q

Maltase

A
  1. membrane- bound disaccharide
  2. hydrolyses maltose into alpha glucose
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9
Q

Sucrase

A
  1. hydrolyses single glycosidic bond in sucrose
  2. produces glucose+fructose
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10
Q

Lactase

A
  1. hydrolyses glycosidic bonds in lactose
  2. produces glucose + galactose
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11
Q

Bile salts

A
  1. produced by liver
  2. emulsifies lipids into micelles
  3. increases SA
  4. miscelles are water soluble vesicles that can diffuse into epithelial cells
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12
Q

Lipase

A
  1. hydrolyse ester bond in triglycerides
  2. forms fatty acids and monoglycerides
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13
Q

Endopeptidases

A
  1. hydrolyse peptide bond between amino acids in centre of protein
  2. produces series of peptide molecules
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14
Q

Exopeptidases

A
  1. hydrolyse peptide bond on terminal amino acids
  2. produce dipeptides and amino acids
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15
Q

Dipeptidases

A
  1. hydrolyse amino acids on dipeptide
  2. produce amino acids
  3. membrane bound
  4. csm of epithelial cells
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16
Q

Absorption of glucose and amino acids

A
  1. Na+ actively transported from epithelial cells into the blood by Na-K pump
  2. lowers the Na+ concentration in the cell
  3. Na+ move from the lumen of the small intestine into the cell down concentration gradient
  4. cotransport occurs, carrying glucose or amino acids
  5. glucose/amino acids moves down concentration gradient into the blood by facilitated diffusion
17
Q

Villi adaptations

A
  1. increase SA for diffusion
  2. thin- short diffusion pathway
  3. well supplied by blood vessels- maintain diffusion gradient
18
Q

Absorption of triglycerides

A
  1. monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse across csm into epithelial cells
  2. transported to ER
  3. reform triglycerides
  4. associate with cholesterol and lipoproteins in golgi body
  5. form chylomicrons
  6. secreted out by exocytosis into lacteal