Ch10 Biodiversity

Question 1

Species

Answer 1

1. breed to produce fertile offspring
2. observable similarities

Question 2

Binomial naming system

Answer 2

1. genus
2. species

Question 3

Benefits of courtship behaviour

Answer 3

1. identify same species
2. identify opposite gender
3. synchronise mating
4. form a pair bond
5. identify mate capable of breeding

Question 4

Analogous characteristics

Answer 4

1. same function
2. different evolutionary origin

Question 5

Phylogenetic classification

Answer 5

1. evolutionary relationships
2. homologous characteristics
3. hierarchal grouping

Question 6

Homologous characteristics

Answer 6

1. similair evolutionary origins
2. can have differing functions

Question 7

Taxonomic ranks

Answer 7

domain
kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

Question 8

Taxonomic rank mnemonic

Answer 8

delicious
king
prawn
curry
or
fat
greasy
sausages

Question 9

Difficulty in naming species

Answer 9

1. they change and evolve
2. considerable variation in species
3. many extinct and haven’t less fossils
4. some rarely reproduce sexually
5. some species are sterile
6. some species populations isolated and don’t interbreed

Question 10

Comparing different species

Answer 10

1. DNA base sequence
2. compare primary sequence of proteins
3. mRNA base seqence

Question 11

Artificial classification

Answer 11

1. divide organisms by featural differences
2. analogous characteristics

Question 12

Domain

Answer 12

bacteria
archaea
eukarya

Question 13

Archaea differences to bacteria

Answer 13

1. membranes contain fatty acid chains to glycerol (ester bond)
2. no murein in cell walls
3. more complex RNA polymerase
4. genes more similair to eukaryotes

Question 14

Species richness

Answer 14

number of different species in a particular areas

Question 15

Index of diversity

Answer 15

1. total number of species
2. total number of individuals in species

Question 16

How deforestation lowers species diversity

Answer 16

1. less habitats
2. less variety of food sources
3. less variety of plants
4. less niches

Question 17

Examples of

Answer 17

1. over-grazing land
2. pesticides and inorganic fertilisers
3. escape of effluent from silage stores and slurry into water bodies
4. absence of crop rotation and intercropping
5. creating monocultures
6. filling in ponds

Question 18

Conservation techniques

Answer 18

1. hedges rather than fences
2. maintain existing ponds
3. plant native trees
4. reduce pesticide use
5. use organic fertilisers
6. crop rotation
7. intercropping

Question 19

Interspecific variation

Answer 19

differences between species

Question 20

Intraspecific variation

Answer 20

differences between same species

Question 21

Disadvantages of comparing observable characteristics

Answer 21

1. coded for by more than one gene- vary continuously
2. modified by environment

Question 22

IOD formula

Answer 22

N(N-1) / sum of n(n-1)