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Personality Psych > Ch.8 - Anatomy & Physiology Of Personality > Flashcards

Ch.8 - Anatomy & Physiology Of Personality Flashcards

1
Q

Biological Models of Personality

A

Collection of brain systems and mechanisms that underlie human personality

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • links the nervous system to the endocrine system

* regulates hormones

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3
Q

Anterior Cingulate

A

Involved in attention allocation, reward anticipation, decision making, impulse control, and emotional responses

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4
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Links perceptions and thoughts with emotional meaning

* Assess whether a stimulus is threatening or rewarding

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5
Q

Hippocampus

A

Involved in forming memories, associated with learning and emotions

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6
Q

Frontal Lobes & Neocortex

A

Responsible for motor function, problem solving, social judgement, cognition and emotion

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Central nodes of neuron circuits, enables communication between sensory or motor neurons

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Basic unit of the brain, a cell designed to transmit information

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Extensions of a nerve cell that receives information from other neurons

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10
Q

Axon

A

Carries nerve signals away from the cell body to connect to another neuron

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron

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12
Q

Brain Lesions

A

Damage of some sort in the brain, internal or external

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13
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Used to measure electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp

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14
Q

Magnetoencrphalography (MEG)

A

Records brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents naturally occurring in the brain

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15
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A

Noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells to improve depression, can change emotions

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16
Q

Dopamine

A
  • relation with bipolar disorder, extraversion, and impulsivity
  • responding to reward and approaching attractive things and people
  • activates behavioral activation system (BAS)
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17
Q

Serotonin

A
  • role in inhibition of behavioral impulses

* related to a fundamental dimension of stability

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18
Q

Prozac

A
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
  • increases serotonin levels
  • makes negative emotions less severe without affecting positive emotions
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19
Q

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

A
  • released in response to stress
  • creates fight or flight response
  • females respond different to stress, tend and befriend
  • the initial and automatic response to stress
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20
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • role in mother child bonding
  • romantic attachment
  • decreases fearfulness
  • facilitates approach behaviors
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21
Q

Computed Tomography

A

• cross section of x rays that make a tomographical map

22
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A
  • radioactive isotopes are placed in blood
  • sensors detect radioactivity
  • different tasks show distinct activity patterns
23
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

Uses magnetic fields to look at the brain in action without using radioactive materials

24
Q

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD)

A
  • a type of fMRI

* observes the brain or other organs when they are active

25
Experiencing Emotion
* Amygdala links perceptions and thoughts with emotional meaning * combines the physical feelings with cognitive interpretation through the frontal lobes
26
Phineas Gage
* had his left frontal lobe destroyed by an iron rod | * had a personality shift, retained all other normal functioning
27
Eliott
* modern Phineas Gage * had part of his brain destroyed by a stroke * no longer had emotions
28
Corpus Collusum
* c-shaped bundle of nerves beneath the cerebral cortex * facilitates communication between the two hemispheres * in cases of extreme epilepsy, severing can help
29
Nucleus Accumbens
* central role in the reward circuit * based on dopamine and serotonin * located in the basal forebrain
30
Somatic Marker Hypothesis
The physical emotional component of thought is a necessary part of problem solving and decision making
31
Capgras Syndrome
* The belief that loved ones have been replaced by imposters * follows injury to the right frontal lobe * people may fail to respond emotionally to their loved ones and conclude they must not be the real people
32
Brain Stem
* includes medulla, pons, and midbrain | * regulates involuntary functions in the body
33
Neurotransmitters
* neurons communicate with neurotransmitters | * chemical substance released at the end of the nerve fiber
34
Hormones
stimulates or inhibits neural activity
35
Endorphins
* released to alleviate pain * reduces emotional stress * creates a sense of well being * may have to do with depression
36
Monoamine Oxidase (MOA)
* enzyme involved in the degradation process of monoamines | * Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOAIs) can be used to treat depression
37
Plasticity
Ability for nerve cells to change through new experiences
38
Stability
Consistency of standing or rank within a group
39
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory
* Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS) * Behavioral Activation System (BAS) * Impulsive (BAS) people are shaped by rewards, whereas anxious people are more concerned with avoiding unknown situations
40
Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
* regulates our response to rewards | * overactive -> impulsivity
41
Tend and Befriend
The desire to be around other people | • found in women during stress
42
Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
* provides the orienting response to novel situation * responds to punishment * overactivity -> anxiety
43
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)
* most common antidepressant * easier to use than most * fewer side effects (sexual dysfunction, weight gain) * less dangerous in case of overdose
44
Fight or Flight
Physiological reaction to a perceived threat, releases adrenaline
45
Zuckerman’s Theory
* those high on sensation seeking have a low level of internal arousal * some people have weaknesses in their dopamine system, and may be susceptible to addiction * high sensation seekers are less tolerant of sensory deprivation
46
Testosterone
* 10 times higher in men than women * linked with aggression * role in control and inhibition of aggression and sexuality
47
Steroids
* anabolic steroids cause irritability and aggression | * used on cancer patients to boost muscle mass
48
Cortisol
* released in response to stress * chronically high levels in people with severe stress, anxiety, and depression * low levels related to sensation seeking
49
Sensation Seeking
Personality trait defined by the search for intense, experiences and feelings
50
Right Brain/Left Brain and Personality
* left frontal hemisphere is more active when experiencing pleasant emotions * right frontal hemisphere is active during unpleasant emotions
51
Hebb’s Theory of Optimal Arousal
Too much or too little arousal causes poor performance, there is an ideal amount of activation
52
Sensory Deprivation
* deliberate removal of stimuli from one or more of the senses * people in a sensory deprived environment will do anything for stimulation

Personality Psych (14 decks)

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