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Personality Psych > Ch.8 - Anatomy & Physiology Of Personality > Flashcards

Ch.8 - Anatomy & Physiology Of Personality Flashcards

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1
Q

Biological Models of Personality

A

Collection of brain systems and mechanisms that underlie human personality

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2
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • links the nervous system to the endocrine system

* regulates hormones

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3
Q

Anterior Cingulate

A

Involved in attention allocation, reward anticipation, decision making, impulse control, and emotional responses

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4
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Links perceptions and thoughts with emotional meaning

* Assess whether a stimulus is threatening or rewarding

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5
Q

Hippocampus

A

Involved in forming memories, associated with learning and emotions

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6
Q

Frontal Lobes & Neocortex

A

Responsible for motor function, problem solving, social judgement, cognition and emotion

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7
Q

Interneurons

A

Central nodes of neuron circuits, enables communication between sensory or motor neurons

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8
Q

Neurons

A

Basic unit of the brain, a cell designed to transmit information

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9
Q

Dendrites

A

Extensions of a nerve cell that receives information from other neurons

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10
Q

Axon

A

Carries nerve signals away from the cell body to connect to another neuron

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11
Q

Synapse

A

Structure that permits a neuron to pass an electrical or chemical signal to another neuron

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12
Q

Brain Lesions

A

Damage of some sort in the brain, internal or external

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13
Q

Electroencephalography (EEG)

A

Used to measure electrical activity in the brain through electrodes placed on the scalp

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14
Q

Magnetoencrphalography (MEG)

A

Records brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents naturally occurring in the brain

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15
Q

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A

Noninvasive procedure that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerve cells to improve depression, can change emotions

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16
Q

Dopamine

A
  • relation with bipolar disorder, extraversion, and impulsivity
  • responding to reward and approaching attractive things and people
  • activates behavioral activation system (BAS)
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17
Q

Serotonin

A
  • role in inhibition of behavioral impulses

* related to a fundamental dimension of stability

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18
Q

Prozac

A
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
  • increases serotonin levels
  • makes negative emotions less severe without affecting positive emotions
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19
Q

Epinephrine/Norepinephrine

A
  • released in response to stress
  • creates fight or flight response
  • females respond different to stress, tend and befriend
  • the initial and automatic response to stress
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20
Q

Oxytocin

A
  • role in mother child bonding
  • romantic attachment
  • decreases fearfulness
  • facilitates approach behaviors
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21
Q

Computed Tomography

A

• cross section of x rays that make a tomographical map

22
Q

Positron Emission Tomography

A
  • radioactive isotopes are placed in blood
  • sensors detect radioactivity
  • different tasks show distinct activity patterns
23
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A

Uses magnetic fields to look at the brain in action without using radioactive materials

24
Q

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD)

A
  • a type of fMRI

* observes the brain or other organs when they are active

25
Q

Experiencing Emotion

A
  • Amygdala links perceptions and thoughts with emotional meaning
  • combines the physical feelings with cognitive interpretation through the frontal lobes
26
Q

Phineas Gage

A
  • had his left frontal lobe destroyed by an iron rod

* had a personality shift, retained all other normal functioning

27
Q

Eliott

A
  • modern Phineas Gage
  • had part of his brain destroyed by a stroke
  • no longer had emotions
28
Q

Corpus Collusum

A
  • c-shaped bundle of nerves beneath the cerebral cortex
  • facilitates communication between the two hemispheres
  • in cases of extreme epilepsy, severing can help
29
Q

Nucleus Accumbens

A
  • central role in the reward circuit
  • based on dopamine and serotonin
  • located in the basal forebrain
30
Q

Somatic Marker Hypothesis

A

The physical emotional component of thought is a necessary part of problem solving and decision making

31
Q

Capgras Syndrome

A
  • The belief that loved ones have been replaced by imposters
  • follows injury to the right frontal lobe
  • people may fail to respond emotionally to their loved ones and conclude they must not be the real people
32
Q

Brain Stem

A
  • includes medulla, pons, and midbrain

* regulates involuntary functions in the body

33
Q

Neurotransmitters

A
  • neurons communicate with neurotransmitters

* chemical substance released at the end of the nerve fiber

34
Q

Hormones

A

stimulates or inhibits neural activity

35
Q

Endorphins

A
  • released to alleviate pain
  • reduces emotional stress
  • creates a sense of well being
  • may have to do with depression
36
Q

Monoamine Oxidase (MOA)

A
  • enzyme involved in the degradation process of monoamines

* Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MOAIs) can be used to treat depression

37
Q

Plasticity

A

Ability for nerve cells to change through new experiences

38
Q

Stability

A

Consistency of standing or rank within a group

39
Q

Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory

A
  • Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)
  • Behavioral Activation System (BAS)
  • Impulsive (BAS) people are shaped by rewards, whereas anxious people are more concerned with avoiding unknown situations
40
Q

Behavioral Activation System (BAS)

A
  • regulates our response to rewards

* overactive -> impulsivity

41
Q

Tend and Befriend

A

The desire to be around other people

• found in women during stress

42
Q

Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)

A
  • provides the orienting response to novel situation
  • responds to punishment
  • overactivity -> anxiety
43
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs)

A
  • most common antidepressant
  • easier to use than most
  • fewer side effects (sexual dysfunction, weight gain)
  • less dangerous in case of overdose
44
Q

Fight or Flight

A

Physiological reaction to a perceived threat, releases adrenaline

45
Q

Zuckerman’s Theory

A
  • those high on sensation seeking have a low level of internal arousal
  • some people have weaknesses in their dopamine system, and may be susceptible to addiction
  • high sensation seekers are less tolerant of sensory deprivation
46
Q

Testosterone

A
  • 10 times higher in men than women
  • linked with aggression
  • role in control and inhibition of aggression and sexuality
47
Q

Steroids

A
  • anabolic steroids cause irritability and aggression

* used on cancer patients to boost muscle mass

48
Q

Cortisol

A
  • released in response to stress
  • chronically high levels in people with severe stress, anxiety, and depression
  • low levels related to sensation seeking
49
Q

Sensation Seeking

A

Personality trait defined by the search for intense, experiences and feelings

50
Q

Right Brain/Left Brain and Personality

A
  • left frontal hemisphere is more active when experiencing pleasant emotions
  • right frontal hemisphere is active during unpleasant emotions
51
Q

Hebb’s Theory of Optimal Arousal

A

Too much or too little arousal causes poor performance, there is an ideal amount of activation

52
Q

Sensory Deprivation

A
  • deliberate removal of stimuli from one or more of the senses
  • people in a sensory deprived environment will do anything for stimulation

Personality Psych (14 decks)

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