Ch.2 - Personality Research Methods

Question 1

S-Data

Answer 1

Self reported data, high face validity

Question 2

I-Data

Answer 2

Informant data, information from people that know you

Question 3

L-Data

Answer 3

Life outcome data, objective truths in someones life in the past

Question 4

B-Data

Answer 4

Behavioral observations, observing the subject

Question 5

Advantages of S-Data

Answer 5

• Large amounts of info
• access to thoughts, feelings
• simple

Question 6

Disadvantages of S-Data

Answer 6

• lack of self awareness
• dishonesty
• too simple

Question 7

Advantages of I-Data

Answer 7

• large amount of info
• real world basis
• more honest

Question 8

Disadvantages of I-Data

Answer 8

• limited behavioral info
• lack of access to private experience
• bias

Question 9

Advantages of L-Data

Answer 9

• objective and verifiable

* important

Question 10

Disadvantages of L-Data

Answer 10

• lack of psychological relevance

Question 11

Advantages of B-Data

Answer 11

• wide range of contexts

* appearance of objectivity

Question 12

Disadvantages of B-Data

Answer 12

• difficult and expensive
• uncertain interpretation
• subjective

Question 13

Face-Validity

Answer 13

Measures what it seems to measure on face value

Question 14

Self-Verification

Answer 14

People work to confirm their self conception

Question 15

Expectancy Effect/Behavioral Confirmation

Answer 15

Adjusting behavior to meet expectations

Question 16

EAR

Answer 16

Electronically activated recorder

Question 17

Ambulatory Assessment

Answer 17

Computer assisted methods to assess behavior, thoughts, and feelings

Question 18

Lab B-Data

Answer 18

experiments where researchers make an event occur and records the behavior

Question 19

Test Reliability

Answer 19

Reliable tests measure variables consistently

Question 20

Error variance

Answer 20

Portion of the data that occurred by chance

Question 21

Aggregation

Answer 21

Allows random influences to cancel each other out

Question 22

Factors That Undermine Reliability

Answer 22

• low precision
• participant state
• experimenter state

Question 23

Factors that Improve Reliability

Answer 23

• aggregation

* standardized research procedure

Question 24

Validity

Answer 24

A valid test measures of predicts what it claims to measure

Question 25

Construct validity

Answer 25

The extent to which a test actually measures what it should

Question 26

Face Validity

Answer 26

Test appears to measure what its supposed to

Question 27

Convergent Validity

Answer 27

How a measure is related to what it should be

Question 28

Discriminant Validity

Answer 28

A measure is not related to what it should not be

Question 29

Generalizability

Answer 29

The degree to which the measure maintains its validity across contexts

Question 30

Unstructured Interviews

Answer 30

Lets person talk freely, yields rich info but low validity

Question 31

Structured Interviews

Answer 31

Pre determined questions to be asked, more valid but no individual nuances

Question 32

Expressive Behavior

Answer 32

Analysis in how people stand, move, and speak

Question 33

Experiments

Answer 33

Research methods where investigator varies some factors, keeps others constant, and measures effect on random assigned subjects

Question 34

Experimental Group

Answer 34

Participants exposed to independent variable

Question 35

Control Group

Answer 35

Participants not exposed to the independent variable

Question 36

Random Assignment

Answer 36

Procedure of assignment subjects to groups

Question 37

Experimental vs Correlational Methods

Answer 37

Both:
1. Assess relationships between two variables
2. Statistics are interchangeable
Differences:
• Experimental manipulates causal variable, correlational measures it