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Personality Psych > Ch.11 - Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research > Flashcards

Ch.11 - Psychoanalysis After Freud: Neo-Freudians, Object Relations, and Current Research Flashcards

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1
Q

Neo-Freudian

A

Personality theorists who started their careers as followers of Freud but eventually disagreed with some of his principles
• disagreement with the importance Freud placed on psychosexual development

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2
Q

Modern Psychoanalytic Theory

A
  1. behavior reflects compromises in conflict between mental processes
  2. childhood plays an important role in personality development, shaping adult relationships
  3. mental representations of self and others guide interactions with others
  4. personality development involves moving from a immature socially dependent way of relating to others to a mature relationship
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3
Q

Alfred Adler

A
  • emphasis on a sense of inferiority, for which an individual attempts to compensate for
  • healthy people are motivated by goals related to others
  • people are motivated by social factors
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4
Q

Masculine Protest

A
  • Alfred Adler
  • early experience caused some men to develop a yearning to prove their dominance and masculinity
  • creates compensation, like loud cars or other compensating behaviors for insecurity
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5
Q

Organ Inferiority

A
  • Alfred Adler

* everyone is born with some physical weaknesses

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6
Q

Overcompensation

A
  • Alfred Adler
  • involves striving for dominance, superiority, and self esteem
  • defense mechanism involving overachieving in one area to compensate for failures in another department
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7
Q

Inferiority Complex

A
  • Alfred Adler
  • lack of self esteem coming from either a real or imagined psychological deficit
  • constantly looking for an area to succeed in
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8
Q

Carl Jung

A
  • emphasis on unconscious processes
  • elements common from generation to generation
  • includes the 3 parts of the mind/psyche: conscious ego, personal unconscious, and the collective unconscious
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9
Q

Jungian Ego

A
  • conscious part of personality
  • embodies the sense of self
  • similar is to Freud’s concept of ego
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10
Q

Personal Unconscious

A

• the part of the unconscious mind containing an individual’s thoughts and feelings

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11
Q

Collective Unconscious

A
  • inherited and common to all members of a species

* inherited images we all hold, passed from generation to generation

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12
Q

Archetypes

A
  • images, ideas, categories in the collective unconscious

* self realization integrates archetypes into a more fully developed self

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13
Q

Jungian Function of Dreams

A

• reveals aspects of the personal unconscious, using archetypes

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14
Q

Jungian Extroversion/Introversion

A

• psychologically inward and outward

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15
Q

Jungian Ways of Thinking

A
  • Rational - thinking
  • Feeling - value
  • Sensing - present in the world
  • Intuiting - figuring something out, possibilities
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16
Q

Sensation

A
  • immediate interpretation of the surrounding world

* no evaluation of the experience, does not consider context and implications

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17
Q

Intuition

A
  • deeper perceptions of meaning
  • does not take into account reality, but adds things into the situation not immediately seen
  • explores the potential
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18
Q

Rational

A
  • understanding reality through fact and analysis

* based on intellectual comprehension

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19
Q

Feeling

A
  • affective, sentimental function

* subjective judgements about events that form opinions

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20
Q

Karen Horney

A
  • argued that culture has an important role in development
  • argued against Freud’s electra complex, implying the envy women feel towards men as more to do with the freedoms and privileges men enjoy
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21
Q

Womb Envy

A

• Freud’s interpretation that men feel jealousy towards women in regards to their inability to bear children

22
Q

Fear of Success

A

• implies that gender differences in response to competition and achievement situations

23
Q

Basic Anxiety

A
  • fear of being alone and helpless in a hostile world

* adult behavior is often based on efforts to overcome basic anxiety from being raised by emotionally neglectful parents

24
Q

Neurotic Needs

A
  • needs that people feel but that are neither realistic nor truly desirable
  • not really wanting something, may be contradictory
25
Q

Erikson’s Eight Stages of Development

A
  1. Trust vs Mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs Shame
  3. Initiative vs Guilt
  4. Industry vs Inferiority
  5. Identity vs Role Confusion
  6. Intimacy vs Isolation
  7. Generativity vs Stagnation
  8. Integrity vs Despair
26
Q

Trust vs Mistrust

A
  • learns whether needs will be met, ignored, or overindulged

* development of hope and confidence

27
Q

Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

A
  • figuring out who is in charge
  • opportunity to build self esteem
  • or feel shame for being autonomous
28
Q

Initiative vs Guilt

A
  • anticipating and fantasizing about life as an adult
  • curiosity, exploration
  • developing a sense of right or wrong
29
Q

Industry vs Inferiority

A
  • developing skills and abilities to succeed in the world of work and contribute to society
  • must begin to control unfocused energy
30
Q

Identity vs Identity Confusion

A
  • figuring out who I am and what is important to me

* choosing consistent and meaningful goals and values

31
Q

Intimacy vs Isolation

A

• finding an intimate life partner

32
Q

Generativity vs Stagnation

A
  • turning concerns to the next generation

* or becoming passive with life

33
Q

Integrity vs Despair

A
  • brought on by prospect of death

* based on decisions in ones life and how one feels about them

34
Q

Identity Achievement

A
  • a likely progression would be from identity diffusion, going through identity moratorium, and finally to identity achievement
  • finding a stable sense of self
35
Q

Identity Moratorium

A
  • being unhappy or unsettled in identity

* actively exploring alternatives

36
Q

Identity Foreclosure

A

• commitment to an identity or values without exploring alternatives

37
Q

Identity Diffusion

A

• avoid exploring or making commitments by remaining in an amorphous state of identity diffusion

38
Q

Narrative Identity

A
  • individuals form an identity by integrating their life experiences into an internalized, evolving story of the self
  • provides individuals with a sense of unity and purpose in life
39
Q

Object Relations

A
  • Melanie Klein and DW Winnicott
  • Objects are the idea that most important parts of life are relationships and that the superego is built from childhood identifications with people
  • we relate to others based on images of them in their minds
  • images dont always match reality
40
Q

Four Principal Themes in Object Relations Theory

A
  1. Relationships have elements of satisfaction and frustration
  2. Mix of love and hate
  3. Distinction between parts of the love object and the whole person
  4. The psyche is aware of and disturbed by these contradictions
41
Q

Paranoid Position

A
  • neurotic defenses

* destroying the bad part of the love object

42
Q

Depressive Position

A
  • neurotic defense

* fear of losing the good part of the love object

43
Q

Mental Images of Others

A
  • our internalized interpretations of others

* first social attachments that the infant develops forms prototypes for all future meaningful relationships

44
Q

Splitting of Love Objects

A
  • it is too contradictory to love and hate the same person, leading to uses of neurotic defenses to ignore the bad
  • separates the good and bad parts of a person
45
Q

Transitional Object

A
  • used to bridge the gap between fantasy and reality

* sentimental objects

46
Q

Attachment Theory

A
  • early attachment experiences and reactions of the infant to parents
  • working models become internalized in the form of unconscious expectations about relationships
47
Q

Strange Situation Test

A

• parent infant separation and reunion test that analyzes the security of a child’s attachment

48
Q

Secure Attachment

A
  • baby is secure when parent is present
  • distressed by separation
  • delighted by reunion
49
Q

Anxious Ambivalent Attachment

A
  • baby clings to parent
  • cries at separation
  • reacts with anger and the desire to be close to mother at reunion
50
Q

Avoidant Attachment

A
  • baby does not interact with parent when present
  • baby is indifferent to separation
  • does not interact with parent at return

Personality Psych (14 decks)

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