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Personality Psych > Ch.12 - Humanistic and Positive Psychology > Flashcards

Ch.12 - Humanistic and Positive Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Humanistic Tradition

A
  • an area of philosophy that emphasizes the personal worth of the individual and the importance of human values
  • focuses on higher human experience like creativity and human potential
  • introspective
  • values unique person
  • non-deterministic: advocates free will
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2
Q

Phenomenology

A

• one’s conscious experience of the world, everything a person hears, feels, and thinks

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3
Q

Free Will

A

The realization that only one’s present experience matters, as the past is gone and the future has yet to happen so we can choose what to think, feel, and do

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4
Q

Construal

A
  • everyone’s is different
  • forms the basis of how you live
  • free will is achieved by choosing your construal
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5
Q

Introspection

A

• perceptions and thought processes

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6
Q

Existentialism

A
  • A reaction against rationalism, science, and the industrial revolution
  • regain contact with the experience of being alive and aware
  • asks many “why” questions
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7
Q

Thrown-ness

A
  • important basis of experience
  • being thrown into modern society is difficult as there seems to have no overarching meaning
  • religion plays a smaller role in creating meaning and purpose compared to the past, no modern substitutes have emerged
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8
Q

Angst

A

Intense feeling of internal emotional strife

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9
Q

Existential Crisis

A

Feeling of uneasiness about meaning and choice in life

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10
Q

Anguish

A
  • felt by everyone

* choices are never perfect and lead to both good and bad outcomes

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11
Q

Forlornness

A
  • desolate, lonely, sad, forsaken

* each person must make their own choices

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12
Q

Despair

A

• the awareness that many outcomes are beyond our control

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13
Q

Optimistic Toughness

A

Acknowledging that things are outside of our control, but we can focus on our own actions

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14
Q

Living in Bad Faith

A

• ignoring the existential questions and ignoring our moral imperative

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15
Q

Living a Cowardly Lie

A

• it is important to examine our lives, to realize how fortunate we are to be alive and aware

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16
Q

Authentic Existence

A
  • alternative to bad faith
  • coming to terms with existence, being honest, insightful, and morally corrected
  • will not relieve loneliness
  • life has no meaning beyond what you give it
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17
Q

Becker’s Theory

A
  • humans are capable of being aware that they will die
  • we create buffers against constantly being aware of death including self esteem, close relationships, religions, and occupying social roles
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18
Q

Erich Fromm

A
  • dialectical humanism

* reconciles the biological side of human beings and the pressure of societal structure

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19
Q

Dialectical Humanism

A
  • believes that people can transcend determinism through free will
  • understands life by determining whether actions benefit others and whether they make the world a better place
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20
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • core of personality is positive
  • suggests the nature of people is basically socialized, forward moving, rational, and realistic
  • a need for positive regard and self-actualization can be met with unconditional positive regard leads to self actualization
  • a need for positive regard and self actualization can be met with conditional positive regard leads to self discrepancies
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21
Q

Self Discrepancy Theory

A

• self esteem is defined by the match between how we see ourselves and how we want to see ourselves

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22
Q

Distortion

A
  • getting conditional positive regard

* still feeling anxious

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23
Q

Self-Actualization

A

Becoming everything one is capable of becoming

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24
Q

Self-Descrepencies

A

Mismatch between the ideal self and the real self

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25
Q

Rogerian Psychotherapy

A
  • therapist is supportive and nondirective
  • therapist is client oriented
  • therapist provides the client with unconditional positive regard
  • therapist provides empathetic understanding of client’s internal frame of reference
26
Q

Criticisms of Roger’s Theory

A

• naive, overly optimistic view of human nature

27
Q

Client Centered Therapy

A
  • contributed therapeutic techniques

* no evidence

28
Q

Maslow’s Approach

A
  • study psychologically healthy people to understand human nature, not psychopathological ones
  • identified colleagues and historical figures he considered healthy
29
Q

Peak Experiences

A

• transcend the self be at one with the world

30
Q

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

A
  • persons must pass through various lower levels before attaining this highest stage
  • each level has a basic need that must be met before moving up the hierarchy
  • if lower needs are not met growth stops
31
Q

Physiological Needs

A
  • breathing
  • food
  • water
  • sex
  • sleep
  • homeostasis
32
Q

Safety Needs

A
  • security of body
  • security of employment
  • security of resources
  • security of morality
  • security of family
  • security of property
33
Q

Belongingness Needs

A
  • friendship
  • family
  • sexual intimacy
34
Q

Esteem Needs

A
  • self esteem
  • confidence
  • achievement
  • respect of others
  • respect by others
35
Q

Self-actualization Needs

A
  • morality
  • creativity
  • spontaneity
  • problem solving
  • lack of prejudice
  • acceptance of facts
36
Q

B-motives

A

• self-actualization is the only “being level” motive

37
Q

D-motives

A
  • deficiency needs

* esteem, belongingness, safety, physiological

38
Q

Deficiency Motivation

A
  • the lower the needs in the hierarchy, the greater the potency of need
  • higher needs appear later in life when we are cognitively able to want meaning and purpose
  • higher needs are not necessary, and can be postponed for a while but not forever
39
Q

Metapathologies

A
  • sickness of the soul
  • depression
  • alienation
  • cynicism
40
Q

Fully Functioning People

A
  • see the world accurately
  • judge people accurately/detect deception
  • peak experiences
  • experience the world with total absorption
  • more accepting of themselves and other
  • spontaneous
  • not self centered
41
Q

Desacralizing

A
  • defense mechanisms

* making mundane, no longer having meaning

42
Q

Resacralizing

A
  • being willing to see the sacred, the eternal, the symbolic

* instill the world human values such as joy and wonder

43
Q

Criticisms of Maslow’s Theory

A
  • self actualizers were based on his own personal preference
  • hierarchy of needs has some evidence that lower levels are stronger than higher levels
  • exceptions to the hierarchy of needs exist, like the starving artist trope
44
Q

Positive Regard

A

Acceptance and warmth towards a person

45
Q

Conditions of Worth

A

Conditions we think we need to meet for other people to accept us

46
Q

Conditional Positive Regard

A

Praise and approval that depends on the person acting in ways someone deems is correct

47
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

When acceptance is given no matter what the person says or does

48
Q

Positive Self Regard

A

Need for affection, love, and respect from other people

49
Q

George Kelly

A
  • personal construct theory

* implies people look at things through many lenses

50
Q

Personal Construct Theory

A

• people actively endeavor to understand the world and construct their own theories about human behavior

51
Q

Chronically Accessible Constructs

A

• those that are more easily brought to mind, an individual difference

52
Q

Sources of Constructs

A

The way you view your past experiences

53
Q

Personal Construct System

A

How you view the world

54
Q

Sociality Corollary

A

Understanding another person means understanding their personal construct system

55
Q

Constructive Alternativism

A
  • The view that any pattern of experience can lead to numerous construals and people choose which construals they use
  • personal reality is constructed in the mind, you can choose to construct it differently
56
Q

Measure of Happiness

A
  1. Satisfaction with life
  2. Satisfaction with how things are going in a life domain
  3. High level of positive emotion
57
Q

Hedonic

A

Pleasure seeking

58
Q

Eudaimonic

A

Seeking a meaningful life

59
Q

Hedonic Treadmill

A
  • study showing that people who had befallen great fortune or great tragedy returned to their preexisting levels of happiness within a year following the event
  • the paraplegics never quite made it back to their baseline
60
Q

Mindfulness

A
  • being alert and aware of your every thought, sensation, and experience
  • claims that it reduces stress, improves memory, and helps to free people of disturbing thoughts
61
Q

Flow

A
  • the optimal experience
  • arises when engaging in activities demanding skill and challenge, but that are not too difficult
  • challenges are low and skill low: apathy
  • challenges are low and skill high: boredom
  • challenges are high and skill high: flow
  • challenges are high and skill low: anxiety

Personality Psych (14 decks)

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