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Ch8 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pervasive influence that permeates every aspect of schooling?

A

Culture

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2
Q

When this book was written, what proportion of EL’s were elementary age or younger?

A

2/3

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3
Q

Identify the 3 metaphors used to describe the US.

A

Melting Pot: Pressured newcomers to assimilate
Salad Bowl: Each ingredient maintains its unique flavor and texture
Kaleidoscope: Culture, language and race recombine ceaselessly, yet are bound together by common ideals

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4
Q

What was the recourse early in the history of the US for those that did not assimilate

A

Become an outsider

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5
Q

What is true about the contributions of minorities and what value of the Native Americans is becoming more important to the US?

A
  • Often under the surface

- A deep and abiding respect for nature

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6
Q

In what ways did Native American culture exceed that of European culture? (4)

A
  • Built pyramids before the Egyptians
  • Domesticated corn from wild grass
  • Performed complicated surgeries
  • Worked with platinum
  • Vulcanized rubber
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7
Q

What is true about the (1) irrigation systems and (2) food grown by Native Americans

A
  • Advanced

- Ended up providing 60% of Europe’s diet

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8
Q

What were two of the political systems used by Native Americans?

A
  • Indian Pueblo religious theocracies

- Democratic councils of the Iroquois and Algonquin that were admired by Franklin and Jefferson

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9
Q

How many patents did African Americans have prior to 1900 despite barring slaves from having patents?

A

Over 1000

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10
Q

What genre of music did African American “invent”

A

Jazz

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11
Q

What did George Washington Carver revoutionize?

A

Agronomy

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12
Q

Where did the expression, “The Real McCoy” come from?

A

Elijah McCoy’s “graphite lubricator”

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13
Q

Who set the foundations for agriculture, mining and cattle?

A

Hispanics / Latinos

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14
Q

What city contains more Puerto Ricans than PR?

A

New York

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15
Q

Hispanics / Latinos value __ and __ in the immediate family

A

interdependence and cooperation

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16
Q

What two things were the political impetus for bilingual education?

A
  • The culmination of Cuban immigrants

- “Chicano Power” movement

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17
Q

Bilingual education contributed to the preservation of what two “small incidence” languages?

A
  • Native Americans

- Micronesia

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18
Q

Who was Galveston TX names after and why

A

Bernardo de Galvez for his help during the revolutionary war

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19
Q

What are 7 areas of significant Asian contribution to the US?

A
  • Martial Arts
  • cuisine
  • spiritual philosopher
  • fireworks
  • acupuncture
  • decor
  • gardening
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20
Q

What was Lue Gim Gong, Chinese-American Horticulturist contribution?

A

Frost free orange trees so FL could compete with CA

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21
Q

What was Chien-Shiung Wu, Chinese-American Physicist contribution?

A

First Lady of Physics for contributions to Nuclear Physics

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22
Q

From 1995-2005 what percent of Silicon Valley engineering and technology companies were founded by immigrants

A

52.4%, largely from Asia

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23
Q

What may teachers need to fight in terms of perception of Arabs?

A

Terrorism or Anti-Americanism

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24
Q

What percent of slaves were estimated to be Muslim?

A

20%

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25
What has been difficult to overcome for Asian immigrants?
Perceived Linguistic barrier
26
What did the Chinese face in 1882 and 1924?
Exclusion Acts
27
What happened to the Japanese Americans during WWII.
Stripped of property and sent to detention centers
28
What is true about Arabs?
Most have assimilated and 80% are citizens
29
What comedian/philanthropist, Erin Brockovich's lawyer and literary giant are Arab?
- Danny Thomas - Edward Masry - Kahili Gibran
30
In what ways were minorities exploited? (3)
Labor, arts, votes
31
What is true of how blacks (and some other immigrants) exploited after slavery?
As indentured servants
32
How were the original hispanic settlers exploited?
Laws were written in English legally manipulating many out of land and water rights
33
What is true about the underclass of immigrants in how they are exploited?
- Underpaid | - Under educated
34
What is expected to be true about US population by 2050?
Half will be African, Hispanic or Asian American
35
What is the approximate poverty level of white, Asian, Hispanic and African Americans?
10%, 10%, 20%, 25%
36
Where is Americas poverty rate in the industrialized world?
2nd highest
37
How is income linked to poorer education and food security?
- Lower income/Income inequality --> poorer education | - They are food-insecure
38
What is true about minorities in compensatory programs? What group is overrepresented in emotional disturbance, intellectual disability and learning disability and much more likely to be LD than gifted?
- Over represented | - Blacks
39
What is true about the schools of most minorities? (4)
- Fewer resources - Racially isolated - Segregated - More students qualify for free lunch
40
What does Garcia say about the struggle for cognitive justice and the "narrow technological paradigm?
It only recognizes intelligence based on a test score
41
What is true of hispanic students' trend in the SAT
It is rising
42
What is true about the nature of immigration over time?
It changed drastically
43
What are some causes for Immigration? (4)
- Economic - Political - Religious - Family Unification
44
What did the states of NC, SC, GA, TN, AR, NE and NV all experience for the first time?
Booming immigration from Latin America with many undocumented
45
Who were part of Exclusion Acts including one in 1882
Chinese
46
What two countries had their immigration affected by the Depression?
Philippines: Restricted Mexicans: Repatriated
47
What did the Bacero Program address after WWII?
A labor shortage that allowed Mexicans to work in the US
48
What is true in Mexico due to NAFTA?
Manufacturing wages dropped and Mexican farms were challenged by US imports causing increased poverty in rural areas
49
What minority groups came to the US due to the Vietnam War?
and Cambodians
50
Who and what drove the influx of immigrants in the 1980's
Central American civil wars (El Salvador)
51
What drove Haitians to the US?
Political persecution
52
What is true about educational attainment for immigrants?
Somewhat lower
53
Who does research show to be a potential resource when education immigrants?
Other immigrants
54
What will engaging fully in educational practices prepare immigrants for?
Citizenship and workers
55
Why do some immigrants resist telling their story?
It positions them as outsiders
56
What 3 things fueled westward migration?
Crowding, economic freedom and the gold rush
57
What is true of many immigrants sponsored by special interest groups?
They move to better climates
58
What are the two gateway cities for immigration? What group moved north after WW I?
- NY and LA | - African Americans
59
What has caused an interest in educating EL's in "the heartland"?
The migration of hispanics from predominantly urban areas
60
What does the Migrant Education Program (MEP) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act provide funds for?
Educational and supportive services to the children of migrant workers and fishers
61
What drives the flow of Immigration Laws and Policy?
The need for workers
62
What group was targeted for limiting immigration from the late 1800's to mid-1900's?
Asians
63
What immigrants arrived from 1600-1865?
- Slaves | - Poor EU (Irish Catholics) as laborers
64
What immigrants arrived from 1865-1920? (Industrial Capitalism)
- EU based on treaties and intervention in EU wars
65
What immigrant group was favored during Industrial Capitalism (1865-1920)?
EU
66
What did the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965 abolish and establish?
- National origin quotas | - A 7-category preference for VISAs emphasizing family ties and occupations
67
Which countries were "oversubscribed" by the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965?
MX, Philippines, India, China
68
What did the Diversity Immigrant VISA program of the Immigration and Nationality Acts Amendments of 1965 create?
For non-principally sourced countries, it allowed up to 50,000 immigrants with no country having more than 7%
69
What did the Cubans have due to an act in 1966
Special immigration status
70
In 1980 what did The Refugee Act accomplish and what groups immigrated most?
- Expanded immigration for persons considered refugees | - Asia and Latin America
71
What happened to Cuban immigration status in 1995?
- Brought more into line with other countries | - Some still find it inequitable
72
What is true about the undocumented population in the US at a given time?
It ebbs and flows based on the economy
73
What was done in 1986 for undocumented children
It was mandated that they were entitled to a public education
74
What was the general purpose of the Emergency Immigrant Education Program ((EIEP) of NCLB and 2 specific goals?
- Provide assistance to school districts whose enrollment was affected by immigrants so they can provide a high-quality education 1) Help transition into US society 2) Meet the same challenging content as all students
75
What is the DREAM Act and what is true about it?
- Development, Relief, and Education of Alien Minors | - It never passed
76
What did the DREAM Act attempt to provide?
A path for undocumented students to obtain legal status
77
What was the offer and what 4 conditions were required as qualification for The Dream Act?
- A 6 yr's conditional residency 1) Entered before 16 2) Present for 5 years prior to the ACT 3) Demonstrated good moral character 4) HS Diploma
78
What did DACA, passed in 2012 do?
It deferred deportation to students that qualified

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