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CTEL > Ch11 > Flashcards

Ch11 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the chief vehicle for deploying power?

A

Language

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2
Q

Language is a social ___

A

asset

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3
Q

Allowing only English puts EL’s at a ___

A

disadvantage

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4
Q

Teachers work under conditions that are higly affected by __ & __ conditions

A

social

political

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5
Q

What is true about the role of the teacher in creating and executing policy pertaining to the cultural aspect of schooling?

A

It is crucial

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6
Q

Tollefson researched __ and __ in language eduction

A

power

inequity

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7
Q

What two areas did Tollefson examine in language education?

A

Descriptive: How it is used
Evaluative: How policy shapes language

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8
Q

What 4 descriptive relationships of language behavior and social participation did Tollefson research?

A
  • Diglossia: When hi & low language status is used
  • Code shifting: Why is a language is chosen?
  • Relations of Dominance: How language maintains social position
  • Register shifts: Formal to non-formal
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9
Q

According to Tollefson, language can be a __ a __ or a __

A

problem
a right
a resource

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10
Q

What did Tollefson’s “evaluative” research on evaluative language include (5)

A
  • Standardizing
  • Purifying
  • Preserving
  • Reviving
  • Establishing a National Language
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11
Q

Who studied the power of discursive practices?

A

Foucault

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12
Q

What did Foucault link to language?

A

Power

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13
Q

What does language do for those in power according to Foucault?

A

Favors

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14
Q

(Hegemony) According to Foucault, people are influenced to follow invisible norms and forms of culture even …

A

when it is not to their advantage

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15
Q

Foucault showed that language is not neutral and discursive practices are inseparable from the …

A

workings of power

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16
Q

What did Fairclough do with the work of Foucault?

A

Offered a 3-level structure to examine the features of written or spoken words

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17
Q

What are the 3 levels Fairclough used to examine the written/spoken text?

A
    • Describe features
  • Style, tone, vocab
  • Assumptions of the reader?
  • Gendered features?
    • Institutional Influence
  • Group/Social agency supplying the message
    • Sociocultural Context
  • How influenced by culture, age, gender
  • Hidden message knowing cultural origin?
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18
Q

Bourdieu thinks of language as __ __

A

social capital

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19
Q

Who has cultural capital in a capitalistic society?

A

Native speakers of high-status languages

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20
Q

What does Bourdieu believe is true about lower-status language speakers?

A

They have to work to overcome the language

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21
Q

What are examples of social capital available to the middle class according to Bourdieu? (9)

A
  • Transportation to libraries
  • Buy school related materials
  • Visiting museums
  • Music / Art lessons
  • Traveling
  • Supervised HW
  • Tutors
  • Attending school functions
  • Moving to the best districts
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22
Q

What is Bourdieu’s “reproduction in education” theory?

A

Schools act as agents of an economic system to reproduce the existing distribution of capital

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23
Q

According to Bourdieu, what drives teacher responses to and expectations of students

A

Perceived success of the student

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24
Q

How does Bourdieu perceive schooling policy behaves?

A

As currency that functions as powerfully as cash

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25
Q

Cummings viewed that language policies should be __

A

emancipatory

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26
Q

What two area did Cummins state delineated educational practices?

A
  • Collaborative

- Coercive

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27
Q

How does Cummings urge educators to create a positive school environment?

A
  • Affirm diversity
  • Honor differences
  • Think critically
  • Solve problems
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28
Q

What does Cummings state will happen to EL’s when they are submitted to a “transmission model” of pedagogy?

A

Reduces self-worth and undermines achievement

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29
Q

What does Cummings state occurs when students are forced to conform (Only use dominant language)

A

identity eradication

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30
Q

Cummings critical pedagogy calls for education of ___ ___ where teachers are dedicated to ___ ___

A
  • transformative action

- social change

31
Q

What is expected regarding teachers and influencing language policy?

A

They can and should

32
Q

Teaching is an __ activity and teachers need to serve as ___ for all students

A

ethical

advocates

33
Q

What does educational equity require from teachers?

A
  • Discipline

- Vigilant self-observation

34
Q

What 4 things can a teacher do to promote educational equity

A
  • Accept students’ personalization of instruction
  • Use multi-cultural examples
  • Listen carefully to stories and voices of all students
  • Practice everyday equity
35
Q

To ensure educational equity, obtain ___ material that presents __, __ role models

A

unbiased

diverse, postive

36
Q

What should you ensure adequate time for with EL’s?

A

L1 skill development

37
Q

To ensure a positive cultural climate, school practices outside the academic area should be ___

A

non-discriminatory

38
Q

What 3 school practices outside the academic area should be non-discriminatory?

A
  • Prestigious extracurricular positions
  • Dress code
  • Staff members equally courteous to all students and visitors
39
Q

What should be done for teachers who translate letters sent home to EL parents?

A

Extra-duty assignments should be adjusted

40
Q

What should be done with teaching staff to encourage collaboration?

A

Socially integrated

41
Q

What should be true of primary language material among EL teachers?

A

Shared freely

42
Q

What are 4 ways Principals cans display school-site leadership?

A
  • Advocate for funding
  • Work to configure classes and sizes to benefit EL’s
  • Appoint a mentor for assisting new teachers
  • Lead by example
43
Q

How can schools improve the ambiance of the school by attracting community attention?

A
  • Success in academic competitions
44
Q

How can schools improve the ambiance of the school with the participants in activities?

A

Ensure they are culturally and linguistically diverse

45
Q

How can schools improve the ambiance of the school with certain contests?

A

Have them held in an L2

46
Q

What should be done for teachers who sponsor academically oriented extracurricular activities?

A

Paid a supplement as athletic coaches are

47
Q

How can schools build rapport when sending home reports and notices?

A

Send them in the home language

48
Q

What are 4 ways to show family participation is valued?

A
  • Community reps can advise on practices involving CLD’s
  • Allow families to use the library to check out books with their children
  • Make facilities available for community groups
  • Have a Community Literacy Day where everyone brings a book to share
49
Q

School policy is shaped by the community, but teachers can take responsibility for shaping community __ and __

A

beliefs and values

50
Q

How can a teacher participate in professional growth and service? (2)

A
  • Share expertise w/ teachers, staff or community members

- Participate in leadership for EL development programs

51
Q

What are two ways teachers can influence board policy?

A
  • Participate in a committee that makes recommendations to the board
  • Attend board meetings to signal that language-minority students’ achievement is being monitored
52
Q

How can teachers support EL’s in the community? (4)

A
  • Affirm variety in the neighborhoods
  • Patronize minority businesses
  • Fundraise for EL scholarships
  • Support CBO to make community services user-friendly
53
Q

What does the PEI (Parent Education Institute) do to support Latinos going to college?

A

Sets up booths at colleges

54
Q

When are other languages accepted in a community?

A

If no fear of economic or political encroachment by immigrants

55
Q

What can be done to help EL’s at community libraries?

A

Support other language books

56
Q

How can teachers support and collaborate with the community library?

A
  • Share plans to ensure resource (books) availability
  • Justify the need of 2nd language material
  • Conduct public classes open to parents
  • Encourage parents to use the library
57
Q

How can teachers use community members to support bilingualism?

A

Have community members speak to classes regarding the value of knowing 2 languages

58
Q

What two partnerships with community and business leaders support EL education?

A
  • Support internships, tutoring, mentoring

- Finance language programs for parents/adults

59
Q

What are 3 opportunities available for teachers in terms of State Commissions and Professional Organizations?

A
  • Write statewide curricula, adopt textbooks and serve on advisory boards
  • Join TESOL (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages
  • Join NABE (National Association for Bilingual Education)
60
Q

How can teachers develop expertise? (3)

A
  • Attend professional conferences
  • Read professional articles
  • Self-publish
61
Q

What are two actions that show professional leadership?

A
  • Mentor beginning teachers

- Volunteer, present and take positions in organizations

62
Q

What can be done by teachers to influence legislatures

A

Letters and phone calls

63
Q

Why do legislators need to hear from teachers?

A

To balance other voices

64
Q

What 2 things can be done to support public policy?

A
  • Send subscriptions to professional magazines to legislative libraries
  • Teachers and parents can organize letter writing campaigns
65
Q

What may be true about linguicism?

A

It may violate the 1st Amendment if “official language” is declared

66
Q

What should be promoted to counter linguicism

A

Promote bilingual and bicultural education

67
Q

When more than one language is spoken in a region, what is generally true about comparative the social status

A

Rarely are they equal

68
Q

What is true about federal funds for innovation?

A

Billions of dollars in grant money are available that teachers can apply for by working with grant specialists on proposals

69
Q

What can be done to influence congressional reps? (2)

A
  • Request professional organizations send cards and letters

- Email campaigns to bring critical aspects of pending legislation to reps

70
Q

How is a “National Spirit” created?

A

Through individuals who voice their opinions freely

71
Q

What do teachers need to exercise frequently and at length in support of the “National Spirit”

A

writing skills

72
Q

Teachers voicing experiences and concerns can __ demagogues

A

diffuse

73
Q

Teacher can make policy makers aware of the need for workers proficient in …

A

more than one language

74
Q

Along with parents and school administrators, teachers can advocate for programs for ___ students

A

CLD

CTEL (13 decks)

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