Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Kinesiology 3800 > Ch.7 > Flashcards

Ch.7 Flashcards

1
Q

3 major circulatory elements

A
  1. Pump (heart)
  2. Channels or tubes (blood vessels)
  3. A fluid medium (blood)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Blood flow must meet __ demands

A

Metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does heart generate to drive blood through vessels?

A

Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

6 major functions of Cardiovascular System (DRTTAI)

A

• Delivers O2, nutrients
• Removes CO2, other waste
• Transports hormones, other molecules
• Temperature balance and fluid regulation
• Acid–base balance
• Immune function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What side of the heart is pulmonary circulation?

A

Right side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What blood does the right side of the heart pump from body to lungs?

A

Deoxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What blood does the left side of the heart pump from body to lungs?

A

Oxygenated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What side of the heart deals with systemic circulation?

A

Left side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Term for cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the characteristics of Left ventricle (MTLB)

A

-Must pump blood to entire body
-Thickest wall(hypertrophy)
-LV hypertrophied with exercise and with disease
-But exercise adaptations be disease adaptations very different

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Myocardium: ___ __ artery supplies right side of heart

A

Coronary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myocardium: ___ __ artery supplies left side of heart

A

Left(main) coronary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Large, long up branched multinucleated muscle cell

A

Skeletal muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle cell that has intermittent, voluntary contractions

A

Skeletal muscle cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Muscle cell with Ca2+ released from SR

A

Skeletal muscle cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Small, short, branched, one nucleus cell

A

Myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Muscle cell with continuous, involuntary rhythmic contractions

A

Myocardial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Muscle cell with calcium-induced calcium release

A

Myocardial cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Calcium induced calcium release:
1. __ spreads along Sarcolemma down _-__

A

AP
T-tubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Calcium induced calcium release:
2. __ receptors in T-tubule are __ and __

A

DHP (special Ca channel)
Stimulated and open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Calcium induced calcium release:
3. Extracellular ___ to enter __ but insufficient to cause __

A

Ca2+
Cell
Contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Calcium induced calcium release:
4. Instead, triggers __ receptors on SR to release __

A

Ryanodine (another special Ca2+ channel)
Ca2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How many fiber types in myocardial cell?

A

One

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Characteristics of Myocardial fiber type

A

-High capillary density
-High number of mitochondria
-Striated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Cardiac muscle fibers connected by regions called __ __

A

Intercalated discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Intercalated discs: hold cells together

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Intercalated discs: rapidly conduct action potentials

A

Gap junctions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cardiac muscle ability to generate own electri l signal

A

Spontaneous rhythmicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

TF: Spontaneous rhythmicity allows contraction with external stimulation

A

False
Without

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Electrical impulse:
__ atrium to ___

A

Right
Throughout the entire heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Starting point of spontaneous rhythmicity

A

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Fastest intrinsic firing rate

A

About 100 bpm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Pathway of Spontaneous rhythmicity

A

-SA node
-AV node
-AV bundle (bundle of His)
-Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

SpR: initiates contraction signal and is pacemaker cell in upper RA wall

A

SA Node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Sinoatrial node stimulates __,__ contraction

A

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

SpR: delays, relays signal to ventricles in RA wall near center of heart

A

AV node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Atrioventricular node relays signal to __ __ after delay

A

Atrioventricular bundle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

AV node delay allows , to contract before ,

A

RA, LA
RV,LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

AV bundle relays signal to , and travels along __ __

A

RV,LV
Interventricular septum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

AV bundle divides into … and … bundle branches

A

Right and left

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

AV bundle sends signal toward … of heart

A

Apex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

… … sends signals into RV, LV and spreads throughout entire ventricle wall

A

Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Terminal branches of right and left bundle branches

A

Purkinje fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Purkinje fibers stimulate …,… contraction

A

RV, LV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Extrinsic control that decreases force of contraction and HR below intrinsic HR

A

Parasympathetic control

47
Q

PS control:
• Intrinsic HR:
• Normal resting HR (RHR):
• Elite endurance athlete:

A

• Intrinsic HR: 100 beats/min
• Normal resting HR (RHR): 60 to 100 beats/min
• Elite endurance athlete: 35 beats/min

48
Q

Functions of sympathetic control (IID)

A

– Increases force of contraction
– Increases HR above intrinsic HR
– Determines HR during physical, emotional stress

49
Q

Maximum possible HR in sympathetic control

50
Q

At beginning of exercise, HR ___ due to withdrawal or PNS

51
Q

All mechanical and electrical events that occur
during one heartbeat

A

Cardiac cycle

52
Q

TF: Diastole is twice as small as systole

53
Q

1/3 of cardiac cycle time

A

Ventricular systole

54
Q

2/3 of cardiac cycle

A

Ventricular diastole

55
Q

Blood leftover in ventricle in first 1/3 of cardiac cycle

A

End-systole volume (ESV)

56
Q

At end, blood in ventricle of cardiac cycle

A

End-diastole volume (EDV)

57
Q

Volume of blood pumped in one heartbeat

A

Stroke volume

58
Q

Equation to find stroke volume

A

EDV - ESV = SV

59
Q

% of EDV that was SV

A

Ejection fraction

60
Q

Equation for EF

A

SV/EDV = EF

61
Q

Total volume of blood pumped per minute

A

Cardiac Output Q

62
Q

Equation to find Cardiac output (Q)

A

Q = HR x SV

63
Q

Resting cardiac output

A

~4.2 to 5.6 L/min

64
Q

Vascular system: carries blood away from heart

65
Q

Vascular system: control blood flow, feed capillaries

A

Arterioles

66
Q

Vascular system:site of nutrient and waste exchange

A

Capillaries

67
Q

Vascular system: collect blood from capillaries

68
Q

Vascular system: carries blood from venules back to heart

69
Q

Pressure exerted by blood on arterial walls

A

Blood pressure

70
Q

– Highest pressure in artery (during systole)
– Top number, ~110 to 120 mmHg

A

Systolic pressure

71
Q

– Lowest pressure in artery (during diastole)
– Bottom number, ~70 to 80 mmHg

A

Diastolic pressure

72
Q

Average pressure over entire cardiac cycle

A

Mean arterial pressure MAP

73
Q

Equation for MAP

A

MAP ≈ 2/3 DPB + 1/3 SBP

74
Q

Force that drives flow

75
Q

Force that opposes flow

A

Resistance

76
Q

Flow required by all tissues

A

Blood flow

77
Q

Calculating blood flow

A

Pressure / Resistance

78
Q

Easiest way to change flow

A

Change resistance

79
Q

Diverts blood to regions most in need/changes flow

A

Vasoconstriction (VC) or vasodilation (VD)

80
Q

Known as resistance vessels that control systemic resistance

A

Arterioles

81
Q

Site of most potent Vasoconstriction and Vasodilation

A

Arterioles

82
Q

At rest, what is Q?

83
Q

During heavy exercise, what is Q?

84
Q

At rest, what receives 50% of Q and what receives 20%

A

Liver,kidneys
Skeletal muscle

85
Q

Arterioles walls can respond to __ mechanisms

A

Local control

86
Q

Ability of local tissues to constrict or dilate Arterioles that serve them

A

Intrinsic control

87
Q

Strongest stimulus for release of local VD chemicals & builds up local metabolic products

A

Metabolic mechanisms

88
Q

Substances secreted by vascular endothelium

A

Endothelial mechanisms

89
Q

Local pressure changes can cause VC,VD

A

Myogenic mechanisms

90
Q

Myogenic mechanisms:
Decrease in pressure causes:
Increase in pressure causes:

A

Vasodilation
Vasoconstriction

91
Q

Redistribution of flow by the nervous system

A

Extrinsic neural control

92
Q

What innervates smooth muscle in arteries and Arterioles

A

Sympathetic nervous system

93
Q

Increase in sympathetic activity leads to __ vasoconstriction, causes blood flow to _

A

Increase
Decrease

94
Q

Decrease in sympathetic activity leads to __ vasoconstriction, causes blood flow to _

A

Decrease
Increase

95
Q

At rest, veins contain __ blood volume

96
Q

TF: Venous reservoir can be liberated, sent back to heart and into arteries

97
Q

Problem of returning blood to the heart

A

Upright posture makes venous return to heart more difficult

98
Q

2 mechanisms that assist venous return

A

Muscle pump
One-way venous valves

99
Q

Blood pressure is maintained by _ _

A

Autonomic reflexes

100
Q

4 functions of Baroreceptors (SAEA)

A

• Sensitive to changes in
arterial pressure
• Afferent signals from
baroreceptor to brain
• Efferent signals from brain
to heart & vessels
• Adjust HR and arterial
pressure back to normal

101
Q

3 major functions of Blood (TTB)

A

Transportation
Temperature regulation
Buffers acids from anaerobic metabolism pH balance

102
Q

Blood volume of men and women

A

5-6 L in men
4-5 L in women

103
Q

55-60% of blood volume

104
Q

40-45% of blood volume

A

Hematocrit

105
Q

99% of hematocrit
<1%
<1%

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

106
Q

TF: RBC has a nucleus to reproduce

A

False
No nucleus no reproduce

107
Q

RBC is replaced regularly via

A

Hematopoiesis

108
Q

Oxygen-transporting protein in RBC

A

Hemoglobin

109
Q

Hemoglobin per RBC

A

~250 million

110
Q

Molecular O2 per Hb

111
Q

Thickness of blood due to RBC

A

Blood viscosity

112
Q

TF: Blood is twice as viscous as water

113
Q

If hematocrit increases, viscosity __

114
Q

Plasma volume must __ as RBC _

A

Increase
Increase

Kinesiology 3800 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions