Ch. 2 Bioenergetics

Question 1

When do nonelite marathon runners normally have “hit the wall” when competing

Answer 1

Around mile 20-22

Question 2

Why do runners “hit the wall”

Answer 2

They run out of glycogen energy

Question 3

Most runners store around… calories of glycogen

Answer 3

2k-2.2k

Question 4

Fuel sources from which we make energy
(adenosine triphosphate [ATP])

Answer 4

Energy substrates

Question 5

Example of energy substrates

Answer 5

Carbohydrate, fat, protein

Question 6

Process of converting substrates into energy at CELLULAR LEVEL

Answer 6

Bioenergetics

Question 7

Chemical reactions in the body

Answer 7

Metabolism

Question 8

Words describing breaking down & building up

Answer 8

Catabolic (break down)
Anabolic (build up)

Question 9

How can you calculate energy released from a biological reaction

Answer 9

Heat produced

Question 10

What are the units for energy in humans?

Answer 10

Kcal (kilocalorie)

Question 11

Energy from chemical bonds in food stored
in high-energy compound

Answer 11

ATP

Question 12

How many kcal stored in the body?

Answer 12

2,500 kcal stored in body

Question 13

Where is extra glycogen stored in?

Answer 13

Liver & muscle

Question 14

Necessary carbohydrates that convert to glucose size

Answer 14

4.1 kcal/g

Question 15

Efficient fat kilocalories stored in body

Answer 15

– 9.4 kcal/g
– +70,000 kcal stored in body

Question 16

Substrate for prolonged, less intense exercise

Answer 16

– Fat
Must be broken down from triglyceride to free fatty
acids (FFAs) and glycerol
– Only FFAs are used to make ATP

Question 17

Energy substrate during starvation (protein)

Answer 17

-4.1 kcal/g

Question 18

The process of converting non-carb substrates into glucose is known as

Answer 18

Gluconeogenesis

Question 19

2 factors controlling rate of energy production

Answer 19

-availability of primary substrate
-Enzyme activity

Question 20

Enzymes are

Answer 20

Protein molecules

Question 21

Increase in enzyme activity =

Answer 21

Increase in product

Question 22

Three ATP synthesis pathways

Answer 22

1. ATP-PCr system (anaerobic metabolism)
2. Glycolysis (anaerobic metabolism)
3. Oxidative system (aerobic metabolism)

Question 23

What catalyzes PCr?

Answer 23

Creatine Kinase

Question 24

ATP yield for glycolytic system involving glucose and glycogen

Answer 24

Glucose 2
Glycogen 3

Question 25

The net ATP yield from aerobic metabolism of glucose is … ATP

Answer 25

32

Question 26

One molecule of 16 carbon FFA yields … acetyl-CoA

Answer 26

8