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Kinesiology 3800 > Ch.5? > Flashcards

Ch.5? Flashcards

1
Q

Neurons respond to … and convert those messages to an ….
called a nerve impulse

A

Stimuli, electrical signals

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2
Q

What makes up the CNS?

A

Brain
Spinal cord

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3
Q

Afferent and Efferent nerves in PNS

A

Sensory: incoming
Motor: outgoing

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4
Q

PNS: Somatic is … to skeletal muscles

A

Voluntary

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5
Q

PNS: Autonomic is … to viscera

A

Involuntary

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6
Q

Basic structural unit of nervous system

A

Neuron

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7
Q

3 major regions of Neuron

A

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon

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8
Q

Neuron: Cell body contains …. And cell processes radiate …

A

Nucleus
Out

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9
Q

Neuron: Dendrites are … cell process and carry impulse … body

A

Receiver
Toward

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10
Q

Neuron: Axon is a … cell process and starts at…

A

Acceptor
Axon hillock

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11
Q

TF: Axons are the end branches

A

True

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12
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be generated by axon

A

False
Stimulus

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13
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be propagated down an axon

A

True

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14
Q

TF: Electrical signal for communication between the periphery and brain must be transmitted to every other cell

A

False
Next cell in line

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15
Q

Difference in electrical charges between outside
and inside of cell

A

Resting Membrane Potential

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16
Q

What is the mV inside cell?

A

-70mV

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17
Q

Cause of negative mV within cell

A

Uneven separation of charged ions

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18
Q

TF: There is High Na+ outside cell and High K+ inside cell

A

False
Medium K+

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19
Q

TF: When charges across membrane differ,
membrane is polarized

A

True

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20
Q

Two ways RMP is maintained

A

1.Membrane more permeable to K+ due to open K+ channels
2. Na+-K+ pump (primary mechanism)

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21
Q

Na+-K+ pump actively transports … Na+ out of cell and … K+ into cell

A

3
2

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22
Q

TF: Na+-K+ pump needs ATP to transport molecules

A

True

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23
Q

Results of maintaining RMP

A
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24
Q

Occurs when inside of cell (-70mV) becomes less negative & More Na+ channels open, Na+ enters cell (influx)

A

Depolarization

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25
Q

Occurs when inside of cell becomes MORE negative,
even below -70 mV & More K+ channels open, K+ leaves cell (efflux)

A

Hyperpolarization

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26
Q

TF: Depolarization is required for nerve impulse to arise and travel

A

False
Hyper polarization

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27
Q

TF: Hyperpolarization makes it more difficult for nerve impulse to arise

A
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28
Q

Review: What cause rise in Na+

A

Depolarization

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29
Q

Review: Closes Na+ channels and returns to RMP

A

Repolarization

30
Q

Review: Opens K+ channels

A

Hyper polarization

31
Q

Depolarization and hyperpolarization
contribute to nervous system function via…

A

Graded potentials

32
Q

Localized(stays within 1 neutron) changes in membrane potential

A

Graded potentials

33
Q

Helps cell body decide whether to pass incoming dendrite signals

A

Graded potentials

34
Q

TF: GP can depress and exhibit a neuron

A

False
Excite
Inhibit

35
Q

In Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP), Na channels open =

A

Na influx & Depolarization

36
Q

In Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP)
• K+ channels open

A

K+ efflux & Hyperpolarization

37
Q

What will lead to an action potential

A

A strong EPSP
Rapid depolarization
Reach threshold mV

38
Q

If GP reaches … … (threshold mV), AP will occur

A

-55mV to -50mV

39
Q

Keeps total of EPSP and IPSP

A

Axon hillock

40
Q

2 characteristics to determine AP propagation speed

A

Axon diameter: larger=faster

Myelin

41
Q

Site of neuron to neuron communication in AP transfer

A

Synapse

42
Q

Explain how an action potential is transmitted from a presynaptic neuron
to a postsynaptic neuron

A

Presynaptic axon terminal -> SYNAPSE -> postsynaptic dendrites

43
Q

What are the signal changes across synapse

A

Electrical - chemical - Electrical

44
Q

– Chemical messengers
– Carry electrical AP signal across synaptic clef

A

Neurotransmitters

45
Q

Site of neuron-to-muscle communication using ACh as a neurotransmitter

A

Neuromuscular junction

46
Q

NJ: ACh binds to receptor at what site

A

Motor end plate

47
Q

NJ: Postsynaptic cell=

A

Muscle fiber

48
Q

4 regions of the Brain

A

– Cerebrum
– Diencephalon
– Cerebellum
– Brain stem

49
Q

Region of the brain where decisions are made about controlling movement

A

Frontal lobe

50
Q

Lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

51
Q

What does thalamus in cerebrum/temporal lobe do?

A

– Regulates what sensory input reaches conscious brain
– Determines what we are consciously aware of.

52
Q

What does hypothalamus in cerebrum/temporal lobe do?

A

Maintains homeostasis

53
Q

What does cerebellum do?

A

Controls rapid, complex movements
• Coordinates timing, sequence of movements
• Compares actual to intended movements and initiates correction
• Accounts for body position, muscle status.
• Receives input from primary motor cortex; helps
execute and refine movements

54
Q

What does brain stem do?

A

Relays information (both ways) between brain and
spinal cord

55
Q

– Coordinates skeletal muscle function and tone
– Controls cardiovascular and respiratory function

A

Reticular formation

56
Q

Composed of tracts of
nerve fibers that permit two-way conduction of nerve impulses
Connects CNS to PNS

A

Spinal cord

57
Q

PNS: Connects to brain from what 43 pairs of nerves

A

– 12 pairs of cranial nerves (originate from brain)
– 31 pairs of spinal nerves (originate from spinal cord)
– Both types directly supply skeletal muscles

58
Q

PNS:Transmits information from periphery to brain

A

Sensory (Afferent) Division

59
Q

Transmits information
from brain to periphery

A

Motor (Efferent) division

60
Q

ANS Division with Fight or flight: Prepares body for exercise

A

Sympathetic nervous system

61
Q

ANS division with Rest and Digest

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

62
Q

Fastest mode of response

A

Motor reflex

63
Q

How does reflex movement occur when touching hot object

A

Motor reflex being preprogrammed response before conscious awareness

64
Q

Muscle spindles role in controlling muscle contractions

A

When stretched, it triggers reflex muscle contraction

65
Q

Golgi tendon role in muscle contraction

A

Reduces injury in resistance exercise
Inhibits agonist muscle
Sensitive to tendon tension

66
Q

Major Sensory receptors functions (Mechanoreceptor, Thermo, Noci, Photo, Chemo)

A

• M: pressure, touch,
vibrations, stretch
• T: temperature
• N: pain
• P: light (allows for vision)
• C: odors, O2, CO2, glucose, electrolytes

67
Q

3 special nerve endings

A

-Joint kinesthetic receptors
-Muscle spindles
-Golgi tendon organs

68
Q

Special nerve ending sensitive to
-joint angles and rate of change
-muscle length, rate of length
-tension applied by tendon

A

Joint kinesthetic receptors
Muscle spindles
Gogi tendon organs

69
Q

Two divisions of Motor efferent division

A

– Autonomic: regulates
visceral activity
– Somatic: stimulates
skeletal muscle activity

70
Q

Sensory reception imbedded in tendon

A

Golgi tendon organs

Kinesiology 3800 (12 decks)

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