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Kinesiology 3800 > Ch.6 > Flashcards

Ch.6 Flashcards

1
Q

Decrements in muscular performance with
continued effort, accompanied by sensations of tiredness

A

Fatigue

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2
Q

Inability to maintain required power output to continue muscular work at give intensity

A

(Also) Fatigue

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3
Q

TF: Fatigue is reversible by rest

A

True

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4
Q

4 major causes of fatigue (synergistic)

A

-Inadequate energy delivery/metabolism
-Accumulation of metabolic by products
-Failure of muscle contractile mechanism
-Altered neural control of muscle contraction

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5
Q

Complex phenomenons of fatigue

A

-Type/Intensity of workout
-Muscle fiber type
-Training status,diet

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6
Q

F: PCr depletion is used for __ term, __ intensity effort

A

Short
High

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7
Q

TF: PCr gets depleted more slowly than ATP

A

False
Quickly

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8
Q

What helps with deferring PCr depletion

A

Pacing

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9
Q

Glycogen reserves are __ and get depleted __

A

Limited
Quickly

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10
Q

PCr depletion __ w/ fatigue
Glycogen depletion is __ w/ fatigue

A

Coincides
Correlated

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11
Q

Glycogen is depleted more quickly during __ few minutes of exercise and __ intensity work

A

First
High

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12
Q

Metabolic By Products: from breakdown of PCr, ATP

A

P¡

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13
Q

Metabolic By-Products: retained by body and increased core temperature

A

Heat

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14
Q

Metabolic By-Products: product of anaerobic glycolysis

A

Lactic acid

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15
Q

Metabolic By-Products: causes muscle acidosis

A

H+ accumulation

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16
Q

What helps muscle pH, but not fully?

A

Buffers

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17
Q

Drop in pH due to buffers

A

7.1 to 6.5

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18
Q

What is inhibited if pH is less than 6.9?

A

Glycolytic enzymes
ATP synthesis

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19
Q

What is prevented when pH is equal to?

A

Further glycogen breakdown

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20
Q

How does heat alter metabolic rate?

A

-Increase rate of carbohydrate utilization
-Increase glycogen depletion
-High muscle temperature may impair muscle function

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21
Q

Temperature where time to exhaustion is longest at?

A

11°C

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22
Q

Temperature where time of exhuastion is shortest at is?

A

31°C

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23
Q

Failure may occur at __ preventing muscle activation

A

Neuromuscular junction

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24
Q

Possible causes of Neural transmission failure

A

-reduced ACh synthesis and release
-altered ACh breakdown in synapse
-increase in muscle fiber stimulus threshold
-altered muscle resting membrane potential

25
Q

TF: Fatigue may inhibit _ release from SR

A

Ca2+

26
Q

CNS: Conscious aspects of fiber recruitment

A

-Stress of exhaustive exercise may be too much
-Person may be unwilling to endure more pain
-Discomfort of fatigue is warning sign
-Elite athletes learn proper pacing,tolerate fatigue

27
Q

Interaction when making conscious decision to terminate activity

A

Between perception of effort and motivation

28
Q

Feeling from exhaustive or high intensity exe4cise, especially during first-time

A

Muscle soreness

29
Q

Soreness during and immediately after exercise

A

Acute soreness

30
Q

Soreness one to two days later

A

Delayed-onset soreness

31
Q

Acute muscle soreness disappears within several __ hours after exercise

A

Hours

32
Q

What happens during Acute muscle soreness?

A

-Accumulation of metabolic by-products
-Tissue edema
-Edema triggers acute muscle swelling

33
Q

Soreness ranging from stiffness to severe, restrictive pain

A

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)

34
Q

Major cause of DOMS

A

Eccentric contractions

35
Q

TF: Eccentric contractions are caused by increase in blood lactate concentrations

A

False

36
Q

Structural damage to DOMS is nice ages by __ in blood

A

Muscle enzymes

37
Q

Onset of DOMS __ onset of increasing muscle enzymes in blood

A

Parallels

38
Q

Structural damage: concentrations increase __to__ times after heavy training

A

2 to 10

39
Q

How are sarcomere Z-disks anchoring points of contact for contractile proteins?

A

-They transmit force when muscle fibers contract
-Z-disk, myofilament damage seen after eccentric work

40
Q

Muscle damage __ hypertrophy

A

Precipitates

41
Q

TF: Inflammation and soreness are connected

A

True

42
Q

Inflammation: __ blood cells defend body against foreign materials and pathogens

A

White

43
Q

TF: When sore, WBC count decreases

A

False
Increases

44
Q

Type of immune system cell that removes cell debris

A

Macrophages

45
Q

Inflammation: What cells attract neutrophils?

A

Damaged muscle cells

46
Q

What do neutrophils release to stimulate pain nerves?

A

Attractant chemicals, radicals

47
Q

Sequence of events in DOMS: (1) __tension In muscle triggers __ damage to muscle, cell membrane

A

High
Structural

48
Q

Sequence of events in DOMS: (2) Membrane damage disturbs __ __ in injured fiber

A

Ca2+ homeostasis

49
Q

Inhibits cellular respiration and activates enzymes that degrade Z disks

A

Membrane damages disturbing Ca homeostasis

50
Q

Sequence of events in DOMS(3): After a few hours, circulating neutrophils __

A

Increase

51
Q

Sequence of events in DOMS(4): Products of macrophage activity, __ __ accumulate

A

Intracellular contents

52
Q

DOMS: Intracellular contents include ___(3)

A

Histamine, Kinins, K+

53
Q

DOMS: Stimulates pain in free nerve endings

A

Intracellular contents

54
Q

Sequence of Events in DOMS(5): Fluid and electrolytes shift into the area, creating. __

A

Edema

55
Q

TF: DOMS increases muscle force generation

A

False
Reduced

56
Q

Three factors for loss of strength

A

– Physical disruption of muscle
– Failure in excitation–contraction coupling
(apparently, most important)
– Loss of contractile protein

57
Q

DOMs must be __ for effective training

A

Reduced

58
Q

3 strategies to reduce DOMS

A

– Minimize eccentric work early in training
– Start with low intensity and progress slowly
– Start with high-intensity, exhaustive training
(soreness bad at first, much less later on)

59
Q

Factors associated with DOMS are potentially important for stimulating

A

Muscle hypertrophy

Kinesiology 3800 (12 decks)

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