Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology I > Ch.5 Skin > Flashcards

Ch.5 Skin Flashcards

1
Q

z

Skin

A
  • last for life
  • Waterproof,
  • stretchable
  • washable
  • if damaged can repair itself
  • Largest organ
  • Weighs 9 -11 pounds
  • Average 1-2 mm thick (ranges 1.5 – 4 mm)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four ways that skin is a barrier?

A
  1. Protection barrier
  2. chemical barrier
    -melanin prevents UV light from damaging DNA
    - bacteriocides & acids inhibit microbial growth
    - lipids prevent dehydration & make us waterproof d. keratin prevent abrasions, resists chemicals
  3. physical barrier
    - tight junctions inhibit microbial entry
  4. biological barrier
    - contains immune cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Skin Functions

A

-Temperature regulation= sweat & dermal blood flow
- Sensory reception
- Vitamin D production= UV light converts cholesterol to a form of vitamin D
- Blood reservoir= 5% of blood
- Excretion= waste products with sweat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Epidermis

A
  • top layer of skin
  • keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
    Four types of cells:
  • Keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Langerhans
  • Merkel cells
    4-5 distinct layers:
  • strantum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • strantum spinosum
  • stratum basale
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Keratinocytes

Epidermis cell

A
  • most abundant
  • produce keratin (fibrous protein, that protects from heat,
    microbes, and chemicals)
  • produce lamellar granules (waterproofing)
  • arise by mitosis from basal layer and pushed to apical surface
  • at apical surface they are dead cells full of keratin
  • shape changes from cubodial to squamous
  • life span ~ 40 days
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Melanocytes

Epidermis cell

A
  • reside in the basal layer
  • have projections (processes) that are in contact with
    surrounding keratinocytes
  • produce melanin and ship it to keratinocytes (keratinocytes cap their nucleus to shield DNA from UV light
  • Note: melanin + carotene (vit.A) + hemoglobin contribute to skin color
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Langerhans

Epidermis cell

A
  • Reside primarily in middle layers
  • WBC’s (migrate from bone marrow to skin)
  • Function in phagocytosis & initiation of immune reactions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Merkel cells

Epidermis cell

A
  • Reside in basal layer
  • Involved in touch reception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

stratum corneum (horny layer)

A
  • top layer of epidermis
  • Many layers (20-30)
  • Dead, flat keratinocytes full of keratin
  • Glycolipids between cells for waterproofing
  • Continuously sloughed off
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

stratum lucidum (clear layer)

A

second top layer of epidermis
- Extra layers of keratinocytes in thick skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

stratum granulosum (granular layer)

A
  • middle layer of epidermis
  • keratinocytes
  • Flattening
  • Organelles disintegrating, cells dying
  • Pre-keratin converting to keratin
  • Lamellar granules accumulate (secrete waterproofing lipids into spaces between cells)
  • Some Langerhans cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

stratum spinosum (prickly layer)

A
  • second to last bottom layer of epiderms
  • Several layers of cells
  • Keratinocytes with pre- keratin filaments
  • Langerhans (epidermal dendritic cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

stratum basale (basal layer)

A
  • bottom layer of epidermis
  • 1 layer of cells:
  • Cubiodial, mitotic keratinocytes
  • Melanocytes
  • Merkel cells
  • some Langerhans
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dermis

A
  • second layer of the skin under the epidermis
  • Strong, flexible connective tissue
  • Cells include fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells and white blood cells
  • “Hide” (animal hides used to make leather products)
    Two sublayers:
  • Papillary
  • Reticular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Papillary region

A
  • top sublayer of the dermis
  • Areolar connective tissue
  • Contains dermal papillae with capillary loops and touch receptors
  • On palms and soles deeper dermal ridges cause overlying epidermal ridges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reticular region

A
  • bottom sublayer of dermis
  • Dense irregular connective tissue
  • Adipose, glands, receptors
  • Provides the skin’s extensibility and elasticity
17
Q

Hypodermis

A
  • underneath dermis
  • (subcutaneous layer)
  • Not part of skin –> Anchors skin to underlying tissue
  • Areolar & adipose connective tissue
  • Stores fat to insulate the body from heat loss
18
Q

Hair

A
  • Color= melanocytes at follicle base
  • Functions= protection (heat loss and initiate reflexes)
  • Found on all skin except palmar and plantar surfaces, lips, and genitals
  • Dead keratinized cells
  • Tough, durable, cells do not flake off
19
Q
A
20
Q

Nails

A
  • Function = protection, scratching, grasping
  • Structure = body, free edge, root
21
Q

3 types of skin glands

A
  • sudoriferous
  • ceruminous
  • sebaceous
22
Q

Sudoriferous Glands

Type of skin gland

A
  • sweat glands
  • simple,tubular glands
  • sweat = water, ions, waste
  • Two Types: eccrine & apocrine
23
Q

eccrine

Skin Gland –> Sudoriferous Glands –> Eccrine gland

A
  • Located over most of body, especially on forehead, palms, soles
  • Duct opens into skin surface
24
Q

Apocrine

Skin Gland –> Sudoriferous Glands –> apocrine

A
  • Primarily in axilla, groin
  • Duct opens into hair follicle
  • Sweat contains lipids & proteins
25
Q

Ceruminous

Type of skin gland

A
  • wax glands
  • modified apocrine sweat glands  located in ear canal
  • secretion is waxy
  • Function: protection
26
Q

Sebaceous Glands

Type of skin gland

A
  • oil gland
  • simple alveolar glands
  • holocrine
  • duct into hair follicles
  • found all over except on soles and palms
  • Function = soften & lubricates hair and skin, antibacterial
27
Q

Burns

A
  • first degree = only epidermis is affected should heal on own
  • second degree = epidermis + upper dermis is affected blisters, painful
  • third degree = epidermis + whole dermis affected may look white, red, or black not painful (receptors are gone)
    f luid loss & infection are a major concern
28
Q

Types of Skin Cancer

A
  1. Basal cell carcinoma
  2. Squamous cell carcinoma
  3. Malignant melanoma
29
Q

Basal cell carcinoma

A

basal layer keratinocytes divide and invade dermis, usually not malignant

30
Q

Squamous cell carcinoma

A

spiny layer keratinocytes divide tends to metastasize (spreads) to lymph nodes

31
Q

Malignant melanoma

A

cancer of melanocytes often develops at
the site of moles rapidly metastasize to lymph nodes and blood vessels,
use the ABCD rule

32
Q

Melanoma ABCD Rule

A
  • A = Asymetry
  • B = Border irregularity
  • C = Color
  • D = Diameter

Anatomy and Physiology I (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions