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Anatomy and Physiology I > Ch.14 > Flashcards

Ch.14 Flashcards

1
Q

Involuntary Division of the Motor Division of the PNS

A

Regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
  • Sensory Input: Special senses and somatic senses
  • One neuron pathway: Single neuron from CNS synapse directly effector ograns: skeletal muscle in PNS to release Ach –> stimulatory effect
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3
Q

All somatic motor neurons release

A

ACh

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4
Q

Control of Motor Output

Somatic Nervous System (SNS)

A

Voluntary control from cerebral cortex with contributions from basal ganglia, cerebellum, brain stem and spinal cord

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5
Q

All Preganglionic fibers in Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) release

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

ACh

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6
Q

All post ganglionic axons in Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) release

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

ACh OR norepineephrine (NE)
- Sympathetic postganglionic fibers release NE
- Parasympathetic postganglionic fibers release ACh

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7
Q

Sensory Input

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Mainly from interoceptors

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8
Q

Control of Motor Output

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Involuntary control from the limbic system; hypothalamus, brain stem, and spinal cord

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9
Q

Automatic Nervous system: Sympathetic

A
  • “Fight or Flight” – mobilizes body for action
    1. preganglionic neurons from CNS synapse with postganglionic fibers in an autonomic ganglion in PNS to release Ach
    2. Unmyleinated postganglionic axon from ganglia releases norepinephrine to effector organs: Smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle and increased or decreased muscle contraction
  • Stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on neurotransmitter and receptors on effector organs
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10
Q

Automatic Nervous system: Parasympathetic

A
  • “Rest, Repose, Digest” – conserves energy
    1. preganglionic neurons from CNS synapse with postganglionic fibers in an autonomic ganglion in PNS to release ACh
    2. Unmyleinated postganglionic axon from ganglia releases ACh to effector organs: Smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle and increased or decreased muscle contraction
  • Stimulatory or inhibitory, depending on neurotransmitter and receptors on effector organs
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11
Q

Agonists

A
  • if sympathetic stimulates the gland to secrete –> the parasympathetic inhibits the gland’s secretion
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12
Q

Parasympathetic Division

A
  1. Axons emerge from CNS at level of cranial nerve and sacral spinal nerves
  2. Ganglion is near or within the effector
  3. Preganglion axon is long, postganglion axon is short
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13
Q

CN (3) III Oculomotor

Parasympathetic Division

A

focus on close objects at cranial level

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14
Q

CN (7) VII Facial

Parasympathetic Division

A

causes salivary and tear glands to secrete at cranial level

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15
Q

IX Glossopharyngeal

Parasympathetic Division

A

causes salivary glands to secrete at cranial level

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16
Q

X Vagus

Parasympathetic Division

A

Thoracic and abdominal organs (heart, lungs, liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, etc.) at cranial level

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17
Q

Sacral Level

Parasympathetic Division

A
  • Cell bodies in lateral horns of sacral spinal cord
  • Axons through ventral root and into ventral rami to urinary (not kidney), reproductive, and some digestive organs
18
Q

Sympathetic division

A
  1. Preganglion neuron cell bodies are in the lateral horns of the spinal cord
  2. Axons emerge from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord
  3. Axons of preganglion neurons pass through ventral root and into white rami communicantes and enter the sympathetic trunk ganglion (usually 23 pairs)
19
Q

The three optional paths of sympathetic division

Once in the sympathetic chain ganglion, there are 3 optional paths

A
  1. synapse at the same level
  2. synapse at a higher or lower level
  3. synapse in a distal collateral ganglion anterior to the vertebral column
20
Q

Iris (eye muscle)

A

Sympathetic: Pupil dilation
Parasympathetic: Pupil constriction

21
Q

Salivary glands

A

Sympathetic: Saliva production reduced
Parasympathetic: Saliva production increased

22
Q

Oral/Nasal mucosa

A

Sympathetic: Mucus production reduced
Parasympathetic: Mucus production increased

23
Q

Heart

A

Sympathetic: Heart rate and force increased
Parasympathetic: Heart rate and force decreased

24
Q

Lung

A

Sympathetic: Bronchial muscle relaxed
Parasympathetic: Bronchial muscle constricted

25
Q

Stomach

A

Sympathetic: Peristalsis reduced
Parasympathetic: Gastric juice production increased, motility increased

26
Q

Small intestine

A

Sympathetic: Motility decreased
Parasympathetic: Digestion increased

27
Q

Large intestine

A

Sympathetic: Motility decreased
Parasympathetic: Secretions and motility increased

28
Q

Liver

A

Sympathetic: Increased conversion of glycogen to glucose
Parasympathetic: none

29
Q

Kidney

A

Sympathetic: Decreased urine secretion
Parasympathetic: Increased urine secretion

30
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Sympathetic: Norepinephrine and epinephrine secreted
Parasympathetic: none

31
Q

Bladder

A

Sympathetic: Wall relaxed, sphincter closed
Parasympathetic: Wall constricted, sphincter
relaxed

32
Q

Neurtransmitter effect on taregt depends on:

A

type of receptor

33
Q

ACh Receptors: Nicotinic

A
  • found on all postganglion neurons, the adrenal medulla cells, and skeletal muscle cells
  • Excitatory
34
Q

ACh Receptors: Muscarinic

A
  • Found on all parasympathetic effector cells, sweat glands, and blood vessels
  • Effect depends on subclass (inhibits heart, stimulates GI organs)
35
Q

Adrenergic Receptors (NE): Alpha

A
  • Stimulates vasoconstriction and increases sweat production
  • Inhibits digestion
36
Q

Adrenergic Receptors (NE): Beta

A
  • Stimulates heart
  • Relaxes airways
37
Q

Spinal cord

ANS Regulation

A

defecation, micturition

38
Q

Brain Stem

ANS Regulation

A
  • Medulla: HR, vessel constriction, GI activity
  • Pons: respiration
  • Midbrain: pupil size
39
Q

Hypothalamus

ANS Regulation

A

HR, Bp, temp, ion balance

40
Q

Cortex

ANS Regulation

A

through biofeedback, meditation, people can control some involuntary body functions

Anatomy and Physiology I (15 decks)

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