Ch.5 Flashcards
Gland
Aden/o
Self
Aut/o
Skin
Cutane/o
Blue
Cyan/o
Skin
Derm/o, Dermat/o
Little follicle
Follicul/o
Hard
Kerat/o
Nail
Onych/o
Sebum, oil
Seb/o
Forms the entire surface area of the body
Integumentary system
largest organ of the body
Skin
Skin is composed of two distinct layers
Epidermis, dermis
Deep layer composed of connective tissue
Dermis
An outer layer of epithelium
Epidermis
The integumentary system includes
Skin, hair, hair follicles, nails, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, sensory receptors
Immediately below the skin is an area of connective tissue that binds the skin to the muscles and is rich in blood vessels and nerves
Hypodermis or subcutaneous layer
Hypodermis means
Below the skin
Primary function of the integumentary system
Protection
A common injury to the skin caused by scraping produces a superficial wound
Abrasion
A localized elevation of the skin containing a cavity, which is a sign of a local infection
Abscess
Is a local uneven surface of the skin and is a sign of subcutaneous fat deposition
Cellulite
Cellulite is relatively common in women on
thighs and buttocks
Clinical term for scar
Cicatrix
If the wound is too large for the epidermal cells to close the breakage, additional protein fibers (collagen) will be produced to seal the wound
Scar tissue
Clinical term for pimple
Comedo
Plural form of comedo
Comedones
Plural form of cicatrix
Cicatrices
Means glutton in Latin
Comedo
Is a local elevation of the skin arising from a minor infection of sebaceous (oil) glands. Bacteria feed on the oil, attracting the movement of white blood cells and their products and resulting in the localized inflammation
Comedo
Is a discoloration and swelling of the skin resulting from tissue damage to the blood vessels of the dermis or deeper tissues
Contusion (bruise)
Is a blue tinge of color to an area of the skin and is a sign of a cardiovascular or respiratory disturbance
Cyanosis
A patient exhibiting cyanosis
Cyanotic
Is a closed sac or pouch on the surface of the skin that is filled with liquid or semisolid material
Cyst
Clinical term for fluid accumulation
Edema
Greek word for blush
Erythema
Any redness of skin
Erythema
Clinical term for a narrow break or slit in the skin
Fissure
Split or crack
Fissura
If an abscess is associated with a hair follicle, the local swelling on the skin is called
Furuncle
Furuncle is commonly known as a
Boil
A local hard area on the skin, or perhaps elsewhere in the body
Induration
The process of becoming firm or hard
Induratio
Is usually a sign of an excessive deposit of collagen or calcium
INduration
Clinical term for an abnormal yellow coloration of the skin and eyes
Jaundice
French word for yellow
Jaune
-Is a sign of liver or gallbladder disease
-Yellowing results from an abnormal release of bile pigments by the liver
Jaundice
An overgrowth of scar tissue that forms an elevated lesion on the skin surface
Keloid
Greek word that means spot
Kelis
Is the common result of an injury caused by a tear or perhaps a cut by a sharp object with an irregular surface
Laceration
A laceration penetrating the dermis and extending for more than one inch often requires
Stiches
A discolored flat spot on the skin surface
Freckle
Freckle is clinically called a
Macule
Means little spot in Latin
Macule
Is a sign of sun damage to the skin, and the tendency to develop them is genetically determined
Macule
Similar to a macule but darker in color
Nevus
Nevus is commonly called a
Mole
Is a sign of a benign tumor
Nevus
If the edges become irregular or the color changes, the nevus should be examined as a suspected malignancy known as a
Melanoma
-Abnormally pale color of the skin
- Is a sign of an internal condition causing a decreased flow of blood to the skin
Pallor
Means paleness in Latin
Pallor
-Is a general term describing any small solid elevation on the skin
-Example is a comedo (pimple)
Papule
Means small pimple in Latin
Papula
-Is a term derived from a Latin word that means “small red or purple dots”
-The presence of this on the surface of the skin is a sign of the abnormal rupture of small blood vessels in the dermis
Petechiae
-Symptom of itchy skin
-Means “an itching” in Latin
Pruritus
-Symptom of purple-red skin discoloration
-Is usually the result of a hemorrhage (one or more broken blood vessels) that spread blood through the skin
Purpura
-General term for an elevated area of the skin filled with pus
- Example is a whitehead with pus
Pustule
Is an erosion through the skin or mucous membrane
Ulcer
Latin word that means a sore
Ulcus
A common form of ulcer arises from lack of movement when lying supine for an extended period of time and is called
Decubitus ulcer
Because a decubitus ulcer may arise in patients confined to bedrest for long periods of time, the erosion is commonly called
Bed sore
-Common allergic skin reaction to medications, foods, infection, or injury produces small fluid-filled skin elevations
-Commonly known as hives
- Is usually accompanied by itching (pruritus)
Urticaria
-Is a sign of infection by a papillomavirus
-Is an effort by the skin to rid itself of the virus and is observed as a skin elevation with a thickened epidermis
-Can be treated with antiviral medication
Verruca (wart)
-Is a small elevation of the epidermis that is filled with fluid containing little or no pus
-Blister is an example of this and results from injury to the skin
Vesicle
-A temporary itchy elevation of the skin, often with a white center and a red perimeter
- Is a symptom of an allergic reaction of the skin
Wheal
Outside, out
Ec-
Alongside, abnormal
Par-
Radiation
Actin/o
Gland
Aden/o
White
Albin/o, leuk/o
Cancer
Carcin/o
Little cell
Cellul/o
Juice
Chym/o
Hidden
Crypt/o
Skin
Derm/o, dermat/o
Little follicle
Follicul/o
Sweat
Hidr/o
Hard
Kerat/o
Black
Melan/o
Fungus
Myc/o
Nail
Onych/o
Body louse
Pedicul/o
Hard
Scler/o
Hair
Trich/o
Dry
Xer/o
Singular
-a
Condition of
-ia, -osis
Pertaining to
-ic
Condition or disease
-ism
Inflammation
-itis
Softening
-malacia
Tumor
-oma
Disease
-pathy
Discharge
-rrhea
- is an uncomfortable condition of the skin resulting from bacterial infection of sebaceous glands or ducts
-Is characterized by the presence of numerous open comedones (blackheads) and closed comedones (whiteheads) in affected parts of the face and may also involve the neck, back, and chest
-Most common skin disease of adolescence, caused by rapid growth of sebaceous glands during this life period
Acne
- Is a precancerous condition of the skin caused by exposure to sunlight
-It forms skin lesions resulting from overgrowths of the epidermis, usually with scaly surfaces
Actinic keratosis
A genetic condition characterized by the reduction of the pigment melanin in the skin
Albinism
Refers to a person afflicted with albinism
Albino
-A loss or lack of scalp hair is a clinical sign known as baldness
-May be a sign of an infection of the scalp, high fever, drug reactions, chemotherapy, or emotional stress
Alopecia
The common appearance of alopecia of men, often called _____________, is the result of a genetically controlled factor that prevents the development of hair follicles in certain areas of the scalp
Male-pattern baldness
Is an injury to the skin caused by excessive exposure to fire, electricity, chemicals, or sunlight
Burn
The extent of injury caused by the burn is determined by the amount of surface area damaged, called _____________________, and the ___________ of the damage
Total body surface area (TBSA)
Depth
-Is a skin infection composed of a cluster or furuncles (boils)
-The most common source of infection is staph
-Hot pain is associated with this disease
Carbuncle
Cancerous tumor
Carcinoma
_________________ and _____________ are tumors arising from the epidermis that usually remain localized, although the lesions do spread and can become serious if they are not treated
-______________, in particular, can be dangerous, while the less dangerous _________________ are more common
- The third major form of skin cancer is __________
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
-Is an inflammation of the connective tissue in the dermis
-It is caused by an infection that spreads from the skin surface or hair follicles to the dermis and sometimes the subcutaneous tissue
-Is usually bacterial in orgin
Cellulitis
Inflammation of little follicles
Folliculitis
-Is a generalized inflammation of the skin, involving edema of the dermis
-IN addition to swelling, symptoms may include pruritus, urticaria, vesicles, and wheals
Dermatitis
Major types of dermatitis
Contact dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Actinic dermatitis
Caused by physical contact with a triggering substance such as poison ivy
Contact dermatitis
Is an inherited form characterized by excessive sebum production
Seborrheic dermatitis
Caused by sunlight exposure
Actinic dermatitis
-Is a superficial form of dermatitis
-Primary symptoms include severe, chronic pruritus and deep scaliness
Eczema
Eczema may also be called
Atopic dermatitis
Is a condition of the skin caused by leaking blood vessels in the dermis, producing purplish patches of purpura
Ecchymosis
-A viral skin eruption producing clusters of deep blisters
-The vesicles appear periodically, affecting the borders between mucous membranes and skin
-Is an infectious disease, transferable when the vesicles burst open and physical contact is made between the carrier and another person
-In the absence of lesions, it may also be transferable by body fluid contact
Herpes
Major types of herpes
Oral herpes- caused by herpes virus type 1
Genital herpes- Caused by herpes virus type 2
-Individual sweats often and more than a normal amount
-This condition may be caused by a nervous disorder, low blood sugar, or a thyroid disease
Hyperhidrosis
Is a normal response by the skin’s sweat glands to cool the body down when you are hot, physically active, or nervous
Sweating (perspiration)
-Is a contagious skin infection
-Similar to oral herpes due to the development of small vesicles usually forming around the lips
-Is often caused by bacteria that enter a break in the skin (such as an animal or insect bite)
-Is characterized by the presence of golden crusts following the rupture of the vesicles
Impetigo
-Is a form of skin cancer arising from the connective tissue of the dermis
-It is indicated by the presence of brown or purple patches on the skin and appears among some elderly patients
-Is also a common condition associated with HIV/AIDS
Kaposi sarcoma
Skin becomes lighter in color due to reduced activity of the pigment-producing cells in the skin, the melancytes
Leukoderma
-The most life-threatening skin cancer
-It arises from the cells normally providing the pigment melanin
-Once established in the skin, the tumor grows rapidly and metastasizes (goes elsewhere in the body
-About one-half of cases arise from nevi (moles)
Malignant melanoma
Cells that provide the pigment melanin to the skin
Melanocytes
A disease of the nail
Onychopathy
-A nail becomes buried in the skin due to abnormal growth
-Commonly called an ingrown nail
Onychocryptosis
-Nails are abnormally soft
-The condition may be a result of a calcium or vitamin D deficiency or a fungal infection
Onychomalacia
Is a fungal infection of one or more nails
Onychomycosis
An infection around the nail
Paronychia
-Parasitic body louse
-Occurs mostly on the scalp but it may also be found in the pubic region and other parts of the body
-Can be treated effectively with medicated shampoo
Pediculosis
The small eggs laid by lice can sometimes be seen attached to hair shafts and are called
Nits
-Painful, chronic disease of the skin
-Characterized by the presence of red lesions covered with silvery epidermal scales
-Believed to be an autoimmune disease of the skin in which the body’s own white blood cells attack healthy cells
Psoriasis
-Is a skin eruption by the female itch mite, which burrows into the skin to extract blood
-Produces the symptoms of dermatitis, such as erythema, swelling or edema, and pruritus
Scabies
-Is an abnormal thickening or hardness of the skin
-Caused by overproduction of collagen in the dermis
Scleroderma
-Is a chronic, progressive disease of connective tissue in many organs including the skin
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
The early stages of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), commonly referred to as just _______, are marked by red patches on the skin of the face and joint pain
Lupus
Is a fungal infection of the skin
Tinea
Tinea is often called ____________ because of the ring-shaped pattern on the skin that forms in response to the fungi
Ringworm
Three major types of tinea
Tinea capitis
Tinea pedis
Tinea corporis
Forms on the scalp and can lead to alopecia
Tinea capitis
Forms on the feet and is also known as athlete’s foot
Tinea pedis
Type of tinea that can occur anywhere on the body
Tinea corporis
A general term for a disease affecting the hair
Trichopathy
A fungal infection of the hair
Trichomyosis
-Characterized by abnormally dry skin
-It is caused by hyposecretion (abnormally low secretion) of oil glands and is an inherited condition
Xeroderma
To rub away
Abras/o
Self
Aut/o
Skin
Derm/o, dermat/o
Wrinkle
Rhytid/o
Surgical excision, removal
-ectomy
Process
-ion
Surgical repair
-plasty
Cutting instrument
-tome
-Is a minor surgery involving the removal of tissue for evaluation
-Abbreviated to bx or Bx
-Is usually a necessary step toward making a diagnosis of a suspected tumor of the skin
Biopsy
Involves excision (surgical removal) of foreign matter and unwanted tissue
Debridement
-Is a form of cosmetic surgery
-Abrasives similar to sandpaper are used to remove unwanted scars and other elevations and may also be used to remove tattoos
Dermabrasion
The skin is surgically changed to improve appearance
Cosmetic surgery
A chemical agent is used to remove the outer epidermal layers to treat acne, wrinkles, and sun-damaged skin
Chemical peels
-Is used to cut thin slices of skin for grafting
-May also be used to excise small skin lesions
Dermatome
Is a surgical procedure and uses a skin graft to improve healing due to extensive damage to a large area of skin
Dermatoautoplasty
Skin graft from another person
Allograft
Using the patient’s own skin as a graft
Autograft
-General term for a surgical procedure of the skin
-Skin tissue is transplanted to the body surface
Dermatoplasty
Is a chemical agent that softens or smooths the skin
Emollient
Topical and oral __________ are used to manage infections, such as acne and carbuncles
Antibiotics
____________ may also be used to manage certain forms of acne because they cause the upper layers of the epidermis to slough away
Retinoids
Is a popular form of skin treatment that is used for skin repair following a major injury, correction of a congenital defect, or cosmetic improvement
Plastic surgery
Is the surgical repair of skin wrinkles
Rhytidoplasty
Wrinkles are surgically removed
Rhytidectomy
Is the removal of subcutaneous fat (fat immediately deep to the skin) by insertion of a device that applies a vacuum to pull the fat tissue out of the body
Liposuction
TBSA
Total body surface area
SqCCa
Squamous cell carcinoma
SLE
Systemic lupus erythematosus
BCC
Basal cell carcinoma
bx, Bx
Biopsy
HSV
Herpes simplex virus
In addition, the sweat glands, blood vessels, and a layer of fat help the skin to __________ internal body temperature, while receptors in your skin provide the ability to detect changes in the environment, giving the skin the added function of ___________
Regulate
Sensation
