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Psychology > Ch4 Terms > Flashcards

Ch4 Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Psychophysics

A

The study of the relationship between physical stimuli and the sensations that they evoke In a human.

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2
Q

Sensory coding

A

Neural signals that the sense organs use to transmit information to the brain.

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3
Q

Absolute threshold

A

The minimum amount of physical energy necessary to produce a sensation

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4
Q

Sensory adaptation

A

The separation of sensory information into important elements.

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5
Q

Difference threshold

A

The minimum difference between two stimuli that is detectable to an observer.

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6
Q

Selective attention

A

Giving priority to a particular incoming sensory message.

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7
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

A failure to notice a stimulus because attention is focused elsewhere.

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8
Q

Accommodation

A

A process where your eyes focal points changes, when muscles attached to the lens alter its shape

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9
Q

Hyperopia

A

If your eye is too short. Nearby objects will be blurred but distant objects will be sharp.

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10
Q

Myopia

A

Can’t concentrate on far of images. Near sited

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11
Q

Astigmatism

A

The eye has more than one focal point making things fuzzy.

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12
Q

Presbyopia

A

Farsightedness. Old eyes

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13
Q

Rods(eyes)

A

Rods are sensory tubes inside the eye that allows us to see shapes and the colors black and white

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14
Q

Cones(eyes)

A

Sensory tubes in the eye that allow us to see color in lit area.

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15
Q

Victuals acuity

A

The sharpness of visual perception

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16
Q

Trichromatic theory

A

A theory of colored vision based on three coding systems (red,green,blue)

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17
Q

Transduxters

A

A device that transforms one form of energy to another.

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18
Q

Opponent process theory

A

A theory of color vision based on three coding systems(red and green, yellow and blue, black and white.)

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19
Q

Peripheral(side) vision

A

Vision on the edge of the visual field.

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20
Q

Hair cells

A

Receptor cells within the cochlea that transduce vibrations into nerve impulses.

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21
Q

Frequency theory

A

A theory holding that tones up to 4,000 hertz are converted to nerve impulses that match the frequency of each tone.

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22
Q

Place theory

A

States that higher and lower tones excite specific areas of the cochlea.

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23
Q

Cochlea

A

is the auditory portion of the inner ear. It is a spiral-shaped cavity in the bony labyrinth

24
Q

Conductive hearing loss

A

Loss of hearing caused by damage to the inner hair cells or auditory nerve.

25
Q

Noise induced hearing loss

A

Damage caused by exposing the hair cells to excessively loud sounds.

26
Q

Olfaction

A

The sense of smell

27
Q

Gustation

A

The sense of taste

28
Q

Lock-and-key theory of olfaction

A

A theory holding that odors are related to the shapes of the molecules

29
Q

Somesthetic senses

A

Sensation produced by the skin, muscles, joints, viscera, organs of balance.

30
Q

Skin senses

A

Senses to Pressure, touch, pain, heat, and cold

31
Q

Kinesthetic

A

The senses of body movement and positioning.

32
Q

Vestibular senses

A

The senses of the balance, Gravity, position in space, and acceleration.

33
Q

Warning system

A

Pain based on large nerve fibers; warns that bodily damage may be occurring.

34
Q

Reminding system

A

Pain based on small nerve fibers; reminds the brain that the body has been injured

35
Q

Gate control theory

A

A theory proposing that pain messages pass through neural “gates” in the spinal cord.

36
Q

Sensory conflict theory

A

A theory explaining motion sickness as the result of a mismatch among information from vision, the vestibular system, and kinesthesis

37
Q

Illusion vs hallucination. What’s the difference

A

Illusion is a misconstructed perception

A hallucination is an imaginary sensation such as hearing or seeing something that isn’t there

38
Q

Bottom-up processing

A

organizing perceptions by beginning with low level features.

39
Q

Top-down processing

A

Applying higher-level knowledge to rapidly organize sensory information into a meaningful perception

40
Q

Figure-ground organization

A

Organizing a perception so that part of a stimulus appears to stand out as an object(figure) against a less prominent background (ground)

41
Q

Perceptual hypothesis

A

An initial guess regarding how to organize (perceive) a stimulus pattern.

42
Q

Perceptual Constance’s

A

Size constancy, shape constancy, brightness constancy,

43
Q

Depth perception

A

Is the ability to see space and to accurately judge distances.

44
Q

Size constancy

A

The perception of an objects size remains constant even when the viewpoint of the object changes.

45
Q

Depth cues

A

Features of the environment and message from the body that supply information about distances and space.

46
Q

Binocular depth cues

A

Perception all features that impart information about distance and 3D space which require two eyes.

47
Q

Stereoscopic vision

A

Perception of space and depth as a result of each eye receiving a different image.

48
Q

Pictorial depth cues

A

Monocular depth cues found in paintings, drawings and photographs that import information about space, depth, and distance.

49
Q

Perceptual learning

A

Changes in perception due to past experiences. Changes the way the brain process information.

50
Q

Muller-lyre illusion

A

Two equal length lines appear to be different lengths because they are slightly angled

51
Q

Perceptual habits

A

Ingrained patterns of organization and attention that affect our daily experience.

52
Q

Perceptual expectancy (set)

A

A readiness to perceive in a particular manner, induced by strong expectations.

53
Q

Habituation

A

A decrease in perceptual response to a repeated stimulus

54
Q

Dishabituation

A

A reversal of habituation

55
Q

Extrasensory perception(esp)

A

The purported ability to perceive events in ways that cannot be explained by the known capacities of the sensory organs.

56
Q

Psi phenomena

A

Events that seem to lie outside the realm of accepted scientific laws.

Psychology (12 decks)

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