Ch 7

Question 1

Storage

Answer 1

Holding information in memory for later use.

Question 2

Retrieval

Answer 2

Recovering information from storage in memory

Question 3

Sensory memory

Answer 3

The first bit of memory you get when you memorize. It holds it for just a few seconds allowing it to be ingrained in other parts of memory

Question 4

Ionic memory

Answer 4

Mental image or visual representation

Question 5

Echoic memory

Answer 5

A brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is heard.

Question 6

Short-term memory

Answer 6

STM-small amounts of memory held in our conscious awareness for about a dozen seconds.

Question 7

Working memory

Answer 7

Another term for shot term memory as used with thinking and problem solving.

Question 8

Long term memory

Answer 8

LTM

Question 9

Maintenance rehearsal

Answer 9

Mentally reviewing information via reputation (held in short term memory)

Question 10

Rote rehearsal (rote learning)

Answer 10

Learning by simple repetition

Question 11

Elaborative processing

Answer 11

Making memories more meaningful through processing that encodes links between new information and existing memories and knowledge, either at the time of the original encoding or on subsequent retrievals.

Question 12

Information bits

Answer 12

Meaningful units of information, such as numbers, letters, words, or phrases.

Question 13

Encoding

Answer 13

Converting information into a form in which it will be retained in memory.

Question 14

Information chunks

Answer 14

Information bits grouped into larger units.

Question 15

Source confusion (of memory)

Answer 15

Occurs when the source of a memory is miss remembered

Question 16

Network model (of memory)

Answer 16

A model of memory that views it as an organized system of linked information.

Question 17

Retrieval cue

Answer 17

Any information which can prompt or trigger the retrieval of particular memories. Retrieval cues usually enhance memory.

Question 18

Red-integration

Answer 18

Process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of association to other, related memories.

Question 19

Cognitive interview

Answer 19

Use ovaries cues and strategies to improve the memory of eyewitness.

Question 20

Procedural memory

Answer 20

Long-term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills.

Question 21

Declarative memory

Answer 21

That part of long-term memory containing specific factual information.

Question 22

Semantic memory

Answer 22

Serves as a mental dictionary or encyclopedia of basic knowledge.

Question 23

Episodic memory

Answer 23

Allows us to mentally travel back in time and recall when and what

Question 24

Recall

Answer 24

To remember something without difficulty

Question 25

Serial position effect

Answer 25

The tendency to make the most errors in remembering the middle items of an ordered list.

Question 26

Recognition

Answer 26

Correctly Identify previously learned info

Question 27

Explicit memory

Answer 27

A past memory that is consciously brought to mind

Question 28

Implicit memory

Answer 28

We Are unaware that a memory exists

Question 29

Encoding failure

Answer 29

Not learning the information in the first place

Question 30

Memory traces

Answer 30

Damages in nerve cells or brain that course memory damage over time

Question 31

Memory decay

Answer 31

The fading or weakening of memories assumed to occur when memory traces become weaker.

Question 32

Disuse (in memory)

Answer 32

Theory that memory traces weaken when memories are not periodically used or retrieved

Question 33

State-dependent elearning

Answer 33

Memory associated with physical state such as thirst or hunger results in recollection of other times when you where thirsty, hungry ext…

Question 34

Interference

Answer 34

The tendency for new memories to impair retrieval of older memories, and the reverse.

Question 35

Positive transfer

Answer 35

One skill helps you to perform another

Question 36

Negative transfer

Answer 36

Mastering one skill conflict with another skill that you try to learn.

Question 37

Repression

Answer 37

Unconsciously pushing unwanted memories out of awareness

Question 38

Retrograde amnesia

Answer 38

Loss of memory before injury or trauma occurred

Question 39

Anterograde amnesia

Answer 39

Loss of memory about events after injury or trauma. Cannot form new memory’s

Question 40

Consolidation

Answer 40

Process by which relatively permanent memories are formed in the brain.

Question 41

Hippocampus

Answer 41

A brain structure associated with emotion and the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 42

Flashbulb memory

Answer 42

Especially vivid memory created at a time of high emotion.

Question 43

Long-term potentiation

Answer 43

Brain mechanism used to form lasting memories by strengthening the connection between neurons that become more active at the same time.

Question 44

Eidetic imagery

Answer 44

The ability to retain a “projected” mental images long enough to use it as a source of information

Question 45

Spaced practice

Answer 45

A practice schedule that alternates study periods with brief rests.

Question 46

Massed practice

Answer 46

A practice schedule in which studying continues for long periods, without interruption.

Question 47

Mnemonic

Answer 47

Any kind of memory system or aid (examples, pictures or tables that help you learn)

Question 48

Keyword method

Answer 48

As an aid to memory, using a familiar word or image to link two items.