Ch 8

Question 1

Experiential processing

Answer 1

Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic

Question 2

Reflective processing

Answer 2

Thought that is active,effort full, and controlled.

Question 3

Image

Answer 3

Mental picture

Question 4

Synesthesia

Answer 4

Experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another sense, for example, “seeing” colors when a sound is heard.

Question 5

Concept information

Answer 5

The process of classifying information into meaningful categories

Question 6

Conjunctive concept

Answer 6

A class of objects that have two or more features in common.

Question 7

Relational concept

Answer 7

The relationship between an object the details of the object and its surroundings.

Question 8

Disjunctive concept

Answer 8

In order for an item to belong in a category it must have this feature or that one

Question 9

Denotative meaning

Answer 9

The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept

Question 10

Connotative meaning

Answer 10

The subjective, personal, or emotional meanings behind a word.

Question 11

Linguistic relativity hypothesis

Answer 11

The words we use are not only a reflection of our thoughts but also effects them

Question 12

Semantics

Answer 12

The study of meanings in words and language

Question 13

Phonemes

Answer 13

The basic speech sounds in language

Question 14

Morphemes

Answer 14

The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words

Question 15

Syntax

Answer 15

Rules for ordering words when forming sentences

Question 16

Transformation rules

Answer 16

Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth)

Question 17

Mechanical solution

Answer 17

A problem achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules.

Question 18

General solution

Answer 18

It is the correct answer but lacks enough details to continue

Question 19

Functional solution

Answer 19

A detailed, practical, and workable solution

Question 20

Heuristic

Answer 20

Any strategy or technique that AIDS in problem solving

Question 21

Fixation(in problem solving)

Answer 21

The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives

Question 22

Functional fixedness

Answer 22

A rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects

Question 23

Automatic processing

Answer 23

Fast, fairly effortless thinking; often based on experience.

Question 24

Inductive thought

Answer 24

Gathering general information via observation of specific examples

Question 25

Deductive thought

Answer 25

Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations;

Question 26

Fluency

Answer 26

In tests of creativity, flexibility is indicated by how many different types of solutions are produced

Question 27

Problem finding

Answer 27

The active discovery of problems to be solved

Question 28

Representativeness heuristic

Answer 28

A tendency to select wrong answers because they remind you of right ones.

Question 29

Base rate

Answer 29

Th basic rate at which an event occurs over time

Question 30

Mental set

Answer 30

A predisposition to perceive or respond in a particular way

Question 31

Framing

Answer 31

In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured.

Question 32

Cognition(thinking)

Answer 32

The process of mentally representing and processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols).