Ch 8 Flashcards
Experiential processing
Thought that is passive, effortless, and automatic
Reflective processing
Thought that is active,effort full, and controlled.
Image
Mental picture
Synesthesia
Experiencing one sense in terms normally associated with another sense, for example, “seeing” colors when a sound is heard.
Concept information
The process of classifying information into meaningful categories
Conjunctive concept
A class of objects that have two or more features in common.
Relational concept
The relationship between an object the details of the object and its surroundings.
Disjunctive concept
In order for an item to belong in a category it must have this feature or that one
Denotative meaning
The exact, dictionary definition of a word or concept
Connotative meaning
The subjective, personal, or emotional meanings behind a word.
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
The words we use are not only a reflection of our thoughts but also effects them
Semantics
The study of meanings in words and language
Phonemes
The basic speech sounds in language
Morphemes
The smallest meaningful units in a language, such as syllables or words
Syntax
Rules for ordering words when forming sentences
Transformation rules
Rules by which a simple declarative sentence may be changed to other voices or forms (past tense, passive voice, and so forth)
Mechanical solution
A problem achieved by trial and error or by a fixed procedure based on learned rules.
General solution
It is the correct answer but lacks enough details to continue
Functional solution
A detailed, practical, and workable solution
Heuristic
Any strategy or technique that AIDS in problem solving
Fixation(in problem solving)
The tendency to repeat wrong solutions or faulty responses, especially as a result of becoming blind to alternatives
Functional fixedness
A rigidity in problem solving caused by an inability to see new uses for familiar objects
Automatic processing
Fast, fairly effortless thinking; often based on experience.
Inductive thought
Gathering general information via observation of specific examples
Deductive thought
Thought that applies a general set of rules to specific situations;
Fluency
In tests of creativity, flexibility is indicated by how many different types of solutions are produced
Problem finding
The active discovery of problems to be solved
Representativeness heuristic
A tendency to select wrong answers because they remind you of right ones.
Base rate
Th basic rate at which an event occurs over time
Mental set
A predisposition to perceive or respond in a particular way
Framing
In thought, the terms in which a problem is stated or the way that it is structured.
Cognition(thinking)
The process of mentally representing and processing information (images, concepts, words, rules, and symbols).
