Ch.3 Cell Anatomy and Division Flashcards
(35 cards)
Cell
membrane enclosed sac containing smaller subunits that provide most of the functions
Plasma membrane (4)
- outer boundary which envelopes the cell
- regulates movement of materials in and out of cell
- 45% lipid, 50% protein, 5% carbohydrate
- lipids bilayer, with peripheral proteins attached and integral proteins extending through membrane
Cytoplasm (4)
- consists of organelles and cytosol
- mixture of water, salts, and organic molecules
- region between plasma membrane and nucleus
- functions: cellular metabolism, maintains the cell
Nucleus (4)
- stores genetic information (DNA), which regulates protein synthesis and cell division
- contains RNA
- composed of double membrane and contains nucleic acids
- located in center of cell
Cytosol (3)
- gel-like fluid made up of mostly water and proteins
- surrounds organelles
- transports substances between organelles and other cell structures
Organelles (3)
- formed bodies
- found in cytosol
- helps maintain cell
Centrioles (3)
- made up of several microtubules, forming a cylinder
- inside a centrosome near the nucleus
- participate in cell division
Cilia (3)
- long, slender projections on the surface of the plasma membrane
- extend outward
- move fluids
Microvilli (3)
- tiny folds of the plasma membrane that increase surface area of the cell
- extend outward
- increase plasma membrane surface area for absorption and secretion
Ribosomes (3)
- small, spherical structures made of 60% RNA and 40% protein
- attached to ER or unattached in the cytoplasm
- provide attachment site for mRNA during protein synthesis
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) (3)
- branching tubules with attached ribosomes
- extend between nucleus and plasma membrane
- site of protein synthesis
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER) (3)
- branching tubules without ribosomes
- winds throughout the cytoplasm
- site of lipid and carbohydrate assembly
Golgi apparatus (3)
- series of flattened, disc-shaped sacs
- found near nucleus with secretory vesicles near the plasma membrane
- prepares and packages cellular products for transport
Mitochondria (3)
- spherical shaped with inner folded membrane
- random throughout cytoplasm
- where nutrients are broken down and ATP is produced during cellular respiration
Lysosomes (3)
- small, spherical
- random throughout cytoplasm
- contain enzymes that breakdown materials brought into the cell, or release enzymes out of the cell to digest
Nuclear envelope (3)
- double membrane with large nuclear pores
- surround nucleoplasm
- regulates movement of materials between cytoplasm and nucleoplasm
Nucleoplasm (3)
- gel-like fluid made of water, nucleic acids, and proteins
- found within nuclear envelope
- site of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
Nucleoli or Nucleolus (3)
- small spheres containing RNA and proteins
- grouped in an area of nucleoplasm
- site of RNA synthesis
Chromatin (3)
- threadlike materials made of DNA and proteins
- found throughout nucleoplasm
- DNA contains the genes, which control protein synthesis
Tissues (2)
- made of identical cells
- four basic types in the body
Organs
made of two or more types of tissue
Systems
group of organs with related functions
Somatic cell division (2)
- healthy cells divide to form two identical daughter cells
- helps with body growth, replacement of older cells, and repairing of injured parts of the body
Cell cycle
involves three stages: interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis