Ch. 7 Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards
Skeletal system
consists of bones and joints
Study of bones
osteology
Study of joints
arthrology
Skeleton functions (5)
- support
- protection
- aid in movement
- blood cell formation
- mineral storage
Number of bones in body
206
Bone composition (6)
- compact bone tissue
- spongy bone tissue
- cartilage
- loose and dense tissues
- blood vessels
- nerves
Long bones
greater in length than width
Short bones
similar in length and width
Flat bones
flat and quite thin
Irregular bones
bone that vary in size and structure
Sesmoid bones
small bones that form within tendons like the patella or kneecap
Sutural bones
tiny bones wedged between cranial bones of the skull
Epiphyses
proximal and distal ends of long bones
Diaphysis
the shaft of a long bone (middle part)
Articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces at the epiphyses
Red marrow
blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of the spongy bone tissue
Medullary cavity
the space within the diaphysis
Yellow bone marrow
a fatty material occupying the medullary cavity
Periosteum
a dense connective tissue membrane covering the external bone surface
Endosteum
a connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity
Spongy bone (3)
- bone tissue filling
- found in epiphyses, lining the medullary cavity, and between plates of compact bone tissue in flat bones
- contains red marrow
Compact bone
bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and the bony coverings of spongy bone
Epiphyseal line
part of bone that replaces the epiphyseal growth plate, where bone elongation occurred
Depressions and openings (6)
- fissure
- foramen
- fossa
- groove
- meatus
- sinus
Fissure
narrow crevice or opening
Foramen
round or oval opening
Fossa
shallow depression
Groove
narrow depression
Meatus
penetrating hole
Sinus
air-filled cavity
Projections (11)
- condyle
- crest
- epicondyle
- facet
- head
- line (linea)
- ramus
- spine
- trochanter
- tubercle
- tuberosity
Condyle
rounded articular process
Crest
prominent narrow ridge
Epicondyle
elevated area on or above condyle
Facet
smooth, almost flat articular surface
Head
rounded epiphysis
Line (linea)
small, narrow bridge
Ramus
flat bridge or bone
Spine
sharp, narrow, usually pointed end
Trochanter
large, blunt process (femur only)
Tubercle
small, rounded process
Tuberosity
large, rounded or roughened process
Composed bone tissue
composed of a series of cylindrical subunits (osteons), which produce a dense organization
Central central or Haversian canal (4)
- part of osteon
- encircled by lamellae
- contains artery, vein, and nerve
- vertical
Lamellae (2)
- mineralized matrix
- encircle the central or Haversian canal
Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals (2)
- extend from the surface of the bone to osteonic canals
- sideways
Lacunae (2)
- tiny spaces sandwiched between the lamellae
- house osteocytes
Osteocytes
obtain nourishment by the diffusion of substances through the canaliculi
Canaliculi (2)
- tiny canals
- extend between lacunae and the osteonic canals and perforating canals
Osteoblasts
bone-producing cells
Osteoclasts
bone-dissolving cells
Interstitial lamellae
fill the areas between osteons
Periosteum (2)
- covers the bone’s external surface
- composed of fibrous connective tissue (contains osteoprogenitor cells)
Spongy bone tissue (2)
- known as cancellous bone
- consists of trabecular to form a lattice-like network
Trabeculae or trabecula (2)
- interlocking thin plates
- contains osteocytes within lacunae
Red marrow
- space between trabeculae
- site of blood cell formation
Compact bone function
thickened to aid in resistance to stress
Collagen fibers
in matrix, provide strength, resistance to stress, and some flexibility
Mineral salts
provide hardness and durability
Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers
collagen fibers that connect the periosteum to the bone
