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A&P Lab > Ch. 7 Intro to Skeletal System > Flashcards

Ch. 7 Intro to Skeletal System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal system

A

consists of bones and joints

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2
Q

Study of bones

A

osteology

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3
Q

Study of joints

A

arthrology

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4
Q

Skeleton functions (5)

A
  1. support
  2. protection
  3. aid in movement
  4. blood cell formation
  5. mineral storage
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5
Q

Number of bones in body

A

206

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6
Q

Bone composition (6)

A
  1. compact bone tissue
  2. spongy bone tissue
  3. cartilage
  4. loose and dense tissues
  5. blood vessels
  6. nerves
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7
Q

Long bones

A

greater in length than width

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8
Q

Short bones

A

similar in length and width

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9
Q

Flat bones

A

flat and quite thin

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10
Q

Irregular bones

A

bone that vary in size and structure

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11
Q

Sesmoid bones

A

small bones that form within tendons like the patella or kneecap

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12
Q

Sutural bones

A

tiny bones wedged between cranial bones of the skull

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13
Q

Epiphyses

A

proximal and distal ends of long bones

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14
Q

Diaphysis

A

the shaft of a long bone (middle part)

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15
Q

Articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage covering the joint surfaces at the epiphyses

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16
Q

Red marrow

A

blood cell forming tissue that fills the spaces of the spongy bone tissue

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17
Q

Medullary cavity

A

the space within the diaphysis

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18
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

a fatty material occupying the medullary cavity

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19
Q

Periosteum

A

a dense connective tissue membrane covering the external bone surface

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20
Q

Endosteum

A

a connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity

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21
Q

Spongy bone (3)

A
  • bone tissue filling
  • found in epiphyses, lining the medullary cavity, and between plates of compact bone tissue in flat bones
  • contains red marrow
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22
Q

Compact bone

A

bone tissue forming the walls of the diaphysis and the bony coverings of spongy bone

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23
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

part of bone that replaces the epiphyseal growth plate, where bone elongation occurred

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24
Q

Depressions and openings (6)

A
  • fissure
  • foramen
  • fossa
  • groove
  • meatus
  • sinus
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25
Q

Fissure

A

narrow crevice or opening

26
Q

Foramen

A

round or oval opening

27
Q

Fossa

A

shallow depression

28
Q

Groove

A

narrow depression

29
Q

Meatus

A

penetrating hole

30
Q

Sinus

A

air-filled cavity

31
Q

Projections (11)

A
  • condyle
  • crest
  • epicondyle
  • facet
  • head
  • line (linea)
  • ramus
  • spine
  • trochanter
  • tubercle
  • tuberosity
32
Q

Condyle

A

rounded articular process

33
Q

Crest

A

prominent narrow ridge

34
Q

Epicondyle

A

elevated area on or above condyle

35
Q

Facet

A

smooth, almost flat articular surface

36
Q

Head

A

rounded epiphysis

37
Q

Line (linea)

A

small, narrow bridge

38
Q

Ramus

A

flat bridge or bone

39
Q

Spine

A

sharp, narrow, usually pointed end

40
Q

Trochanter

A

large, blunt process (femur only)

41
Q

Tubercle

A

small, rounded process

42
Q

Tuberosity

A

large, rounded or roughened process

43
Q

Composed bone tissue

A

composed of a series of cylindrical subunits (osteons), which produce a dense organization

44
Q

Central central or Haversian canal (4)

A
  • part of osteon
  • encircled by lamellae
  • contains artery, vein, and nerve
  • vertical
45
Q

Lamellae (2)

A
  • mineralized matrix

- encircle the central or Haversian canal

46
Q

Perforating (Volkmann’s) canals (2)

A
  • extend from the surface of the bone to osteonic canals

- sideways

47
Q

Lacunae (2)

A
  • tiny spaces sandwiched between the lamellae

- house osteocytes

48
Q

Osteocytes

A

obtain nourishment by the diffusion of substances through the canaliculi

49
Q

Canaliculi (2)

A
  • tiny canals

- extend between lacunae and the osteonic canals and perforating canals

50
Q

Osteoblasts

A

bone-producing cells

51
Q

Osteoclasts

A

bone-dissolving cells

52
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

fill the areas between osteons

53
Q

Periosteum (2)

A
  • covers the bone’s external surface

- composed of fibrous connective tissue (contains osteoprogenitor cells)

54
Q

Spongy bone tissue (2)

A
  • known as cancellous bone

- consists of trabecular to form a lattice-like network

55
Q

Trabeculae or trabecula (2)

A
  • interlocking thin plates

- contains osteocytes within lacunae

56
Q

Red marrow

A
  • space between trabeculae

- site of blood cell formation

57
Q

Compact bone function

A

thickened to aid in resistance to stress

58
Q

Collagen fibers

A

in matrix, provide strength, resistance to stress, and some flexibility

59
Q

Mineral salts

A

provide hardness and durability

60
Q

Perforating (Sharpey’s) fibers

A

collagen fibers that connect the periosteum to the bone

A&P Lab (13 decks)

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