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A&P Lab > Ch.1 Body Organization and Organ Systems > Flashcards

Ch.1 Body Organization and Organ Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Coronal or frontal plane

A
  • vertical plane

- divides body into anterior and posterior sections

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2
Q

Sagittal plane

A
  • vertical plane

- divides body into right and left sections

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3
Q

Transverse or horizontal plane

A
  • horizontal plane

- divides body into upper and lower sections

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4
Q

Mid-sagittal line

A
  • line through umbilicus

- divides body into equal right and left halves

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5
Q

Oblique plane

A
  • diagonal plane

- divides body at an angle

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6
Q

Anatomical position

A
  • standing upright
  • eyes gazing forward
  • arms straight
  • arms down at sides
  • palms facing forward
  • fingers extended
  • legs slightly apart
  • feel flat
  • toes pointing forward
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7
Q

Longitudinal section

A

slice made parallel to the long axis of the structure

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8
Q

Cross-section

A

slice made at right angles to the long axis of a structure

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9
Q

Superior

A

above, toward the top

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10
Q

Cranial

A

toward the head

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11
Q

Inferior

A

below, toward the bottom

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12
Q

Caudal

A

toward the feet

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13
Q

Medial

A

toward the middle

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14
Q

Lateral

A

toward the side

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15
Q

Anterior

A

toward front side

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16
Q

Ventral

A

toward belly side

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17
Q

Posterior

A

toward back side

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18
Q

Dorsal

A

toward vertebral side

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19
Q

Proximal

A

nearer to the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)

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20
Q

Distal

A

further from the trunk (a limb) or the point of origin (an organ)

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21
Q

Superficial

A

towards the surface of the body

ex. muscles are superficial to the skeleton

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22
Q

Deep

A

further away from the surface

ex. muscles are deep to the skin

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23
Q

Eye socket

A

orbital

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24
Q

Ear

A

otic

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25
Q

Nose

A

nasal

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26
Q

Cheek

A

buccal

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27
Q

Mouth

A

oral

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28
Q

Chin

A

mental

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29
Q

Breast bone

A

sternal

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30
Q

Underarm

A

axillary

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31
Q

Arm

A

brachial

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32
Q

Breast

A

mammary

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33
Q

Front of elbow

A

antecubital

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34
Q

Navel

A

umbilical

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35
Q

Forearm

A

antebrachial

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36
Q

Wrist

A

carpal

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37
Q

Palm

A

palmar

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38
Q

Fingers

A

phalanges or digits

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39
Q

Thigh

A

femoral

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40
Q

Kneecap

A

patellar

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41
Q

Hip

A

coxal

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42
Q

Leg

A

crural

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43
Q

Ankle

A

tarsal

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44
Q

Toes

A

phalanges or digits

45
Q

Head

A

cephalic

46
Q

Skull

A

cranial

47
Q

Face

A

facial

48
Q

Neck

A

cervical

49
Q

Chest

A

thoracic

50
Q

Abdomen

A

abdominal

51
Q

Pelvis

A

pelvic

52
Q

Trunk

A

thoracic, abdominal, pelvic

53
Q

Groin

A

inguinal

54
Q

Genitals

A

pubic

55
Q

Foot

A

pedal

56
Q

Base of skull

A

occipital

57
Q

Shoulder

A

acromial

58
Q

Shoulder blade

A

scapular

59
Q

Back

A

dorsum

60
Q

Back bone

A

vertebral

61
Q

Back of elbow

A

olecranal

62
Q

Low back

A

lumbar

63
Q

Between hips

A

sacral

64
Q

Hand

A

manus

65
Q

Fingers

A

phalanges

66
Q

Buttocks

A

gluteal

67
Q

Thigh

A

femoral

68
Q

Back of knee

A

popliteal

69
Q

Calf

A

sural

70
Q

Sole

A

plantar

71
Q

Arm (region)

A

upper extremity

72
Q

Leg (region)

A

lower extremity

73
Q

Heel

A

calcaneal

74
Q

Open cavities

A
  • open to the external environment
  • can be entered without cutting
  • lined by an epithelium
  • ex. oral cavity, inside stomach, inside lungs, inside bladder
75
Q

Closed cavities

A
  • entered only by cutting through a membrane
  • ex. thoracic cavity, abdominopelvic cavity (cut though serous membrane)
  • ex. cranial cavity, spinal cavity (cut through meninges)
76
Q

Viscera

A

internal organs located in one of the closed cavities

77
Q

Dorsal body cavities

A
  • cranial cavity

- spinal cavity

78
Q

Cranial cavity

A
  • contains brain

- protected by meninges

79
Q

Spinal cavity

A
  • contains spinal cord

- protected by meninges

80
Q

Ventral body cavities

A
  • thoracic cavity

- abdominopelvic cavity

81
Q

Pleural cavity

A
  • in the thoracic cavity
  • each cavity contains one lung
  • encased by pleura
82
Q

Mediastinum

A
  • center of thoracic cavity

- contains all organs between lungs, sternum, and vertebral column

83
Q

Pericardial cavity

A
  • in the thoracic cavity
  • inside the mediastinum
  • contains heart
  • encased by pericardium
84
Q

Abdominal cavity

A
  • in the abdominopelvic cavity
  • contains digestive organs
  • encased by peritoneum
85
Q

Pelvic cavity

A
  • in the abdominopelvic cavity
  • contains the bladder and reproductive organs
  • encased by peritoneum
86
Q

Diaphragm

A

separates thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

87
Q

Serous membranes in ventral body cavities

A
  • thoracic cavity: pleura and pericardium

- abdominopelvic cavity: peritoneum

88
Q

Pleura

A
  • in thoracic cavity
  • encases the lungs
  • parietal layer: lines thoracic cavity
  • visceral layer: lies directly on surface of lungs
89
Q

Pericardium

A
  • in thoracic cavity
  • encases the heart
  • parietal layer: forms tough outer sac, also called pericardial sac
  • visceral layer: fused directly to surface of heart, also called epicardium
90
Q

Peritoneum

A
  • in abdominopelvic cavity
  • encases the abdominal and pelvic organs
  • visceral layer: lies directly on the surface of the internal organs
  • mesentary: folds of peritoneum, suspends and attached organs to body wall
  • parietal layer: lines the abdominopelvic cavity
91
Q

Retroperitoneal

A

behind the peritoneum

92
Q

Serous fluid

A

slippery fluid that reduces friction generated by organ movement

93
Q

Clinical divisions

A

RUQ, RLQ, LUQ, LLQ

94
Q

Right hypochondriac

A
  • region lying under the costal cartilage

- liver

95
Q

Epigastric

A
  • lies superior to the stomach

- liver, gallbladder, stomach, pancreas

96
Q

Left hypochondriac

A
  • region lying under the costal cartilage

- spleen, stomach, pancreas

97
Q

Right lumbar (loin)

A
  • region between ribs and pelvic bones

- ascending colon

98
Q

Umbilical

A
  • lies over the umbilicus (navel)

- small intestines, transverse colon

99
Q

Left lumbar (loin)

A
  • region between ribs and pelvic bones

- small intestines, descending colon

100
Q

Right inguinal

A
  • inguinal (groin) region

- cecum

101
Q

Hypogastric

A
  • lies inferior to the stomach

- appendix, urinary bladder, rectum, small intestines

102
Q

Left inguinal

A
  • inguinal (groin) region

- sigmoid colon

103
Q

Organ

A

structure composed of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

104
Q

Systems

A

organs grouped together by functions

105
Q

Integumentary system

A
  • skin
  • protective barrier for underlying structures
  • prevents fluid loss
  • temperature regulation
  • sensation
106
Q

Skeletal system

A
  • bone, joint
  • supports and protects body parts
  • stores minerals
  • produces blood cells
  • allows for movement (with muscles)
107
Q

Muscular system

A
  • skeletal muscle
  • body movement
  • produces heat
108
Q

Nervous system

A
  • brain, spinal cord, nerves
  • monitors changes in the environment
  • receives information
  • interprets information
  • initiates responses

A&P Lab (13 decks)

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