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A&P Lab > Ch. 10 Joint Anatomy and Function > Flashcards

Ch. 10 Joint Anatomy and Function Flashcards

1
Q

where two bones meet and articulate with each other

A

joint

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2
Q

allows movement of the skeleton

A

joints or articulations

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3
Q

immovable joints

A

synarthroses

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4
Q

slight degree of movement or shifting

A

amphiarthroses

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5
Q

freely moving joints

A

diarthroses

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6
Q

fibrous joints (4)

A
  • have no synovial cavity
  • no movement between bones
  • bones are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue
  • may ossify (turn to solid bone)
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7
Q

cartilaginous joints (3)

A
  • have no synovial cavity
  • only slight movement or shifting
  • bones joined by cartilage
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8
Q

synovial joints (3)

A
  • have a synovial cavity
  • bones joined by dense irregular connective issue at joint capsule
  • bones joined by dense regular connective tissue of ligaments
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9
Q

fibrous joint example

A

skull sutures

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10
Q

cartilaginous joint examples (2)

A
  • pubic symphysis

- intervertebral joints

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11
Q

Joint cavity (3)

A
  • internal space around ends of bone
  • created by joint capsule
  • filled with synovial fluid
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12
Q

Synovial fluid (4)

A
  • secreted by synovial membrane
  • fills joint cavity
  • lubricates articular cartilage
  • reduces friction of bones
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13
Q

Synovial membrane (2)

A
  • lines joint capsule

- secretes synovial fluid

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14
Q

Joint capsule (2)

A
  • encloses entire area where 2 bones meet

- dense irregular connective tissue

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15
Q

Ligaments (3)

A
  • strips of dense regular connective tissue
  • connect bone to bone to stabilize joint
  • reinforce joint capsule
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16
Q

Periosteum (2)

A
  • connective tissue covering bones

- blends into joint capsule

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17
Q

Articular cartilage (3)

A
  • hyaline cartilage
  • covers and cushions end of each bone in joint
  • prevents bones from rubbing on each other
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18
Q

Uniaxial joints

A

allow movement in only one plane

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19
Q

Biaxial joints

A

movement occurs in two planes

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20
Q

Multiaxial

A

movement occurs in all three planes

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21
Q

Hinge (3)

A
  • rounded end of one bone fits concave surface of the other
  • uniaxial
  • allows flexion and extension
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22
Q

Elbow joint type

A

hinge

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23
Q

Ball-and-socket (2)

A
  • ball-shaped head of one bone fits cup-shaped depression of the other
  • multiaxial
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24
Q

Shoulder joint bone type

A

ball-and-socket

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25
Q

Saddle (2)

A
  • joint surfaces fit together like rider sitting saddle

- biaxial

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26
Q

Carpometacarpal joint of thumb type

A

saddle

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27
Q

Pivot (3)

A
  • rounded or cone-shaped surface of one bone fits into shallow depression of other bone
  • uniaxial
  • allows rotation in one plane
28
Q

Superior radioulnar joint of elbow type

A

pivot

29
Q

Gliding or planar (2)

A
  • surfaces of two bones are almost flat

- allows bones to glide past each other

30
Q

Intertarsal joints type

A

gliding or planar

31
Q

Condyloid (3)

A
  • oval condyle of one bone fits into depression on other
  • biaxial
  • allows for flexion/extension and abduction/adduction
32
Q

Metacarpophalangeal joint type

A

condyloid

33
Q

Complex hinge joint between the femur and tibia

A

tibiofemoral joint

34
Q

Knee joint held together by

A

quadriceps tendon and the semimembranosus muscle tendon

35
Q

C-shaped cartilages (2)

A
  • lateral and medial menisci

- deepen and stabilize the joint

36
Q

extracapsular

A

external to the joint capsule

37
Q

intracapsular

A

internal to the capsule

38
Q

examples of extracapsular ligaments (2)

A

fibular collateral ligament
tibial collateral ligament
- prevent knee from rotating

39
Q

examples of intracapsular ligaments (2)

A

anterior cruciate ligamanets (ACL)
posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
- cross over each other forming an X

40
Q

Skeletal muscle in synovial joint (3)

A
  • crosses the joint
  • one end of muscle attaches to one bone of joint
  • other end of muscle attaches to other bone
41
Q

Joint (2)

A
  • serves as pivot point

- allows two bones to move in relation to each other

42
Q

Origin (2)

A
  • end of muscle attached to stationary bone

- proximal bone, especially in limbs

43
Q

Insertion (2)

A
  • end of muscle attached to bone that moves

- distal bone, especially in limbs

44
Q

Tendon (2)

A
  • dense regular connective tissue

- blends with periosteum to anchor ends of skeletal muscle to bones

45
Q

most movement around a joint occurs in

A

antagonistic pairs

46
Q

changes the position of bones from position 1 to position 2

A

agonist

47
Q

movement returns the joint to position 1

A

antagonist

48
Q

Pronation

A

radius/ulna

- turns palm down

49
Q

Supination

A

radius/ulna

- turns palm up

50
Q

Rotation (2)

A
  • circular movement

- size of circle remains constant

51
Q

Inversion

A

ankle joint

- turns foot inward

52
Q

Eversion

A

ankle joint

- turns foot outward

53
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

ankle joint

- moves foot upward

54
Q

Plantar flexion

A

ankle joint

- moves foot downward

55
Q

Circumduction (3)

A
  • circular movement
  • occurs in ball-and-socket joint
  • combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction
56
Q

Abduction

A

moves body part away from midline of body

57
Q

Adduction

A

moves body part toward midline of body

58
Q

Flexion

A

reduces angle of joint

- brings two bones closer together

59
Q

Extension

A

increases angle of joint

- moves two bones farther apart

60
Q

lines joint capsule

A

synovial membrane

61
Q

an elastic covering enclosing the joint

A

joint capsule

62
Q

filled with synovial fluid

A

joint cavity

63
Q

two surfaces of bones are almost flat

A

gliding joint

64
Q

allows rotation in only one plane

A

pivot joint

65
Q

two concave surfaces fitted together

A

saddle joint

A&P Lab (13 decks)

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