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A&P Lab > Ch. 6 Integumentary System > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Integumentary System Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary system components (7)

A 
Skin
Accessory organs:
- sweat glands
- subcutaneous glands
- hair
- hair follicles
- sensory receptors
- nails
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2
Q

Skin functions (6)

A
  1. two-way barrier: protects against invasion from pathogens, ultraviolet light damage, loss of body fluids, and physical trauma
  2. regulates body temperature: blood vessels release excess heat and conserve heat (adipose tissue is thermal insulation)
  3. sensory information: provided by sensory receptors in skin to the brain
  4. excretes waste products: salts, water, and organic molecules
  5. synthesizes vitamin D: important for calcium metabolism
  6. stores energy: hypodermis in adipose tissue
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3
Q

Two layers of the skin

A
  • superficial epidermis

- deeper dermis

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4
Q

Epidermis (4)

A
  • superficial layer
  • stratified squamous keratinized epithelial
  • avascular
  • 5 layers of thick skin, 4 layers of thin skin
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5
Q

Dermis (5)

A
  • deep layer
  • connective tissue
  • highly vascular
  • 2 layers
  • glands, hair, and sensory receptors
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6
Q

Hypodermis (3)

A
  • deep to dermis
  • adipose tissue
  • subcutaneous layer
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7
Q

Epidermis layers (5)

A
  • stratum corneum
  • stratum lucidum
  • stratum granulosum
  • stratum spinosum
  • stratum basale (germinativum)
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8
Q

Keratinocyte (3)

A
  • found in all epidermal layers
  • most abundant skin cell
  • produce keratin
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9
Q

Stratum corneum (3)

A
  • most superficial layer
  • 25-30 rows
  • dead keratinocytes
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10
Q

Stratum lucidum (2)

A
  • found in thick skin of palms and soles

- 3-5 layers of dead keratinocytes

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11
Q

Stratum granulosum (2)

A
  • 3-5 layers flattened keratinocytes that are dying and shrinking
  • becoming filled with keratin
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12
Q

Stratum spinosum (2)

A
  • 8-10 layers of keratinocytes

- “spiny” shape

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13
Q

Stratum basale (germinativum) (3)

A
  • deepest layer
  • touches basement membrane
  • single layer, actively dividing cells
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14
Q

Langerhan’s cell (3)

A
  • stratum spinosum
  • migrate from bone marrow
  • protect against bacteria
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15
Q

Merkel cel (2)

A
  • stratum basale

- touch receptor

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16
Q

Melanocyte (4)

A
  • stratum basale
  • cell extensions grow into stratum spinosum
  • produce melanin
  • dark pigment, gives skin and hair its color
17
Q

Papillary region (3)

A
  • upper part of the dermis
  • thin region of loose connective tissue
  • dermal papillae: form ridges and whorls in fingers, palms, toes, and soles (finger-like ridges poking toward epidermis)
18
Q

Reticular region (3)

A
  • deep part of dermis
  • dense irregular connective tissue
  • collagen fibers, elastic fibers, and blood vessels
19
Q

Sebaceous glands (2)

A

produce oily product, sebum (deposited in ducts that empty in hair follicle)
- found in hair follicles

20
Q

Sweat glands (3)

A
  • located deep in dermis
  • produce watery material
  • two types: eccrine glands and apocrine glands
21
Q

Merocrine (eccrine) glands (3)

A
  • widely distributed
  • produce watery perspiration to regulate body temperature
  • product empty onto skin surfaces through pores
22
Q

Aprocine glands (2)

A
  • produce thickened secretion and secrete onto hair follicle

- axillary and genital regions

23
Q

Sensory receptors (4)

A
  • endings of sensory neurons
  • generate electrochemical signal when they sense change in environment (temperature, pressure, or fine touch)
  • Meissner’s corpuscles
  • Pacinian corpuscles
24
Q

Meissner’s corpuscles (4)

A
  • sensory receptor
  • papillary region of dermis
  • sensitive to fine touch
  • rod-shaped swellings at end of sensory neurons
25
Q

Pacinian corpuscles (3)

A
  • reticular region of dermis
  • sensitive to pressure
  • round swellings with multiple rings of protein fibers (sliced onion)
26
Q

Shaft

A

part of the hair projecting from skin surface

27
Q

Root

A

submerged portion of hair

28
Q

Hair follicle (2)

A
  • surrounds root

- sheath of epithelium extending downward into dermis

29
Q

Arrector pili muscle

A

band of smooth muscle

30
Q

Hair bulb (3)

A
  • base of hair follicle
  • swelling of germinal epithelial cells
  • new cells produced here
31
Q

Matrix cells (4)

A
  • cluster of cells
  • push upward from growth area
  • die and become keratinized
  • receive nourishment from blood vessels

A&P Lab (13 decks)

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