ch3 Flashcards
longitudinal studies
some group across time
retrospective research
participants asked to recall info
developmental perspective
how childhood is linked to disorders
developmental task
kids do when they grow, foundation on which a childs later adjustment develops
developmental task example
forming a relationship with a parent as a baby
link bn developmental task v disorders
failure to handle developmental task could lead to inability to handle task later in life
strange situation
20 in lab assessment of infant parent attachment
stranger enters room then caregiver leaves
secure attachment
function better later in life than insecure attachments
insecure attachment- minimal
min seperation stress and avoidence of caregiver
insecure excessive
excessive unrelenting seperation distress manifested by resistance and anger that is not releaved
insecure contrary
contrary undirected, or confused behavior durring reunion
dimensional approach assumes that mental disorders are
not categorically diff from normal behavior
reflects the degree the child has maladaptive behavior
child behavior cehcklist
a tool assess the external and internal origin of abnormal behavior
externalizing problems
excess of undesirable behavior
disruptive, nuisance, aggression, hyperactivity, impulsivity
internalizing problems
maladaptive problems
deficits in desired behavior
subjective distress (negative emotions)
domains
areas of child growth
emphasize what a child can do physically or mentally
what may impact development across the world
cultural differences
gross motor skills
controlling large movements of body like posture
fine motor skills
fine movements like drawing
visual motor skills
upper extremity, hand, finger movement, and eye hand coordination
expressive language
language to communicate thots or needs
receptive language
understand what someone is saying
cognition
mental process that determine the individual capacity to lear, retain info, and use info
habituation speed
time it takes an infant to habituate a repetitively presented stimulus
predictor of cognitive performance in young kids is
habituation speed
test that assess cognitive ability usually have
series of problems ordered by difficulty that asses stuff verbal ability, perceptual reasoning, working memory, and processing speed
IQ test/general assessment test criticism
assess a narrow range of skills
adaptive behaviors
enable someone to meet the cultural expectations for independant functioning at a certain age
not every developmental delay is a
symptom of disorder
measurement of adapt behavior is usally done by
the parents or teachers and include standardized tools
intellectual development disorder
below average intellectual functioning and impairments in adaptive functioning
before 18
intellectual developmental disorder prevalence worldwide
1%
mild intellectual disability
subtle deficients in adaptive behavior
IQ 50-70
about 85% of all diagnosis
mod intell disability
IQ 35-50
limited adaptive behavior
sig lang and cog delays
can read
severe intell disability
IQ 20-35
marked adaptive behavior impairments
verbal comm limited,
usally cant read
prfound intell disability
iq below 20
neruological damage present
usally wheelchair bound
very reliant on people
down syndrome
most common cause of developmental disorder
most stable out of those with intell disabilities
biological causes of intellectual disorder
diseases, alc use in womb,
(down synd) extra chromosome effects the body by
disrupts cell metabolism, physcial growth abnormalities, damage to CNS
fragile x syndrome
extra genetic material on the x
both males and females can get it
females are less likely to get an intell disabil with fragile x bc
females have another x to compensate
fragile x symtoms
cannot do task that let them learn in a sequential order
difficulties in social relations
oppositional and disruptive behavior and hyperactivity
phenylketonuria
single gene mutation- abnorm portein metabolism
recessive
gets posioned by phenylalanine intake
phenylketonuria symtoms
hyperactivity, fearful or bizarre behavior IQ of like 25 on average
teragones
stuff that crosses into the placenta and fucks the baby up
environmental deprivation
parents with limited intellectual skills may interact less with kids with means they wont get the stimulus they need
intellectual disorder treatment
applied behavior analysis
interventions
applied behavior analysis
opernat teaching process in which complex skills are broken down into smaller ones
shaping
rough approximations of target behavior is rewarded and slowly, better approximations are needed for the reward
mainstreaming
special ed kids are partially taught in regulr classrooms to try and integrate them
autism
deficit in social comm and interaction
restrictive, repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities
ASD symptoms are recognized around age
2
early behaviors of ASD
lack of interest
unusual social interaction
strange patterns of play
atypical comm style
ASD symptoms
social relationship problems
lack non verbal behaviors
trouble with gestures, eye contact,
usual tone, rate, or rhythm speaking
inflexible to new routines
expressive lang is absent or minimal with a - of individuals with ASD
1/4
diff bn intellectual disorder and ASD
intellect kids will engage other socially and have low IQ scores
ASD IQ tends to range and have weaknesses in language and abstract reasoning
autism causes
brain differences- cerebellum and frontal lobe develop diff
deficits in default mode network of brain
genetics- heritable
mindblindess
empathizing-systemizing
default node network
connected cortical nodes less active durring task than rest of brain
mindblindness
unable to attribute mental states to the self and others
empathizing-systemizing
deficit in empathy, but superior systemizing abilities in ASD individuals
autism treatment
behavioral modification intervention
specific learning disorder
learning problems in reading, writing, math is super below average
specific learning disorder- reading
most common- 4%
see one letter as another
causes of reading problems
brain abnormalities
maybe genetics
treatment of reading problem
whole language approach- kid learns who word at once based on context
sounds based- learning word based off phonetic decoding
diff bn normal kids and ADHD
the disruptive behavior creates problems in function that are clinically significant in day to day
ADHD prevalence worldwide
5%-15%
ADHD symptoms must be present since - for diagnosis
12
ADHD prevalence in USA
6%-10%
can ADHD symptoms persist thru adulthood?
yaaasss
ADHD casues
genetics
environment
delay maturation of frontal lobe
asymetrical claudate neucleus
low birth weight
mom smoking with you in womb
nutrition
functional working memory
functional working memory
temp memory storage, rehearsal, manipulation of info for use in guiding behavior
ADHD treaments
a lot bruh
oppositional defiant disorder diagnoses bn age
3-7
ODD symptoms
poor emotional control
uncooperative
argumentative
repeated conflict
blame others
hi need for control of interactions
ODD diagnosis must have
personals oppositional behavior must impair social relations, school performance, adaptive function
ODD causes
genes
malnutrition, lead, mother substance abuse
low cortical and autonomic arousal
egocentric
language processing problems
hostile attribution bias
family fighting
low socioeconomic
ODD and CD treatment
parent management training
problem solving skills training
family therapy
multisystemic treatment
conduct disorder
like big time legal trouble stuff
antisocial behavior
