ch 5 text Flashcards
mood disorders
unable to keep a persistant productive emotional state
depression
sad
mania
unrealistically happy
bipolar usually starts
late teens to early 20s
major depressive disorder more common in
women
bipolar disorder risk for the sexes
equal
bipolar less often triggered by
psychological stressorsl
lifetime risk for bipolar disorder in us is what %
over 4%
higher risk for bipolar associated with
family history, depression, history of mania
3/4 of people with bipolar qualify for
at least 1 other mental disorder
wealthier countries tend to have - with the exception of
higher rates of bipolar
japan
DSM 5 depression qualifications
at least 5 symptoms for 2+ weeks
sad mood, lack of interest in activities, low energy, eating more/less, sleeping more/less, moving faster/slower, thinking negative thots, indecisive, suicidal thots
manic episodes can develop, unlike depressive episodes
rapidly
mania effect on sleep
extremely reduced
DSM 5 mana qualifications
3/4 symptoms for 1+ week
increased: waking hours, self esteem, rapid talking, rapid thinking, getting distracted, activity, agitation, risky activity
what type of sleep changes indicate an on coming episode
changes in 3 hours of sleep
some symptoms
rapid speech, poor judgment, rapidly shifting attention
gradiousity
inflated sense of self worth
male manic episodes
higher motor activity, psychosis, grandiousity
female manic episodes
changing mood, guilt, sadness, suicide, and anxitiy, faster mania, higher risk of depressive episode
culture may impact what on bipolar
what occurs first, mania or depression
european= depression first
bipolar I
full mania with little bits of depression symptoms
bipolar II
full depression with little bits of mania
most common in the US
bipolar II average diagnosis age
mid 20s
can be late adolescence thru adulthood
bipolar I diagnosis age average
little earlier than II
bipolar distrubs
circadian rhythms, mood stability, cognitive impairment, comorbid medical diseases
specifier
indicates likely course of symptoms associated with disorders
with mixed features
common
3 depressive symptoms durring a manic episode or vise versa
with psychotic features
if delusions/hallucinations are present during episode
with rapid cycling
when 4+ episodes of either are experienced within a year more common in women
with seasonal pattern
episodes follow seasonal patterns
cyclothymic disorder/ persisstant depressive disorder
mild bipolar
stuff fluctuates over a year/years
clycothymic disorder characterized by
irritability, basically mild bipolar
bipolar mainly stems from
biological causes
bipolar caused by
genetics, nervous system disorders (low serotonin, increased dopamine receptors),
bipolar I vs II genetic pathwyas
different
bipolar disorder may be comorbid with
alcohol use disorder
decreased - and increased -neurotransmitters may lead to bipolar disorder
serotonin, dopamine
small (what brain structure) is correlated with bipolar disorder
orbitofrontal cortex
abnormal fucntion in limbic system like amygdala is linked to
bipolar disorder
what psychological characteristic contribute to bipolar
reward sensitivity
emotional reactivity
primary drug treatment for bipolar
lithium
litihum can be toxic for the
liver and kidneys
anticonvulsant
used to treat epileptic seizures and bipolar
few side effects and can use it for longer periods
atypical antipsychotics
drugs that dont have the same biochem effects as neruoleptics
block dopamine pathways
antipsychotic meds and bipoalr
better for short term treatment than lithium
what drug combo is good when no in an active episode
quetiapine with lithium or valproate
therapy options for bipolar disorder
CBT, family focused treatment, interpersonal and social rhythem psychotherapy
fam focused treatment
fam is trained to help bipolar person when needed
interpersonal and social rhythm psychotherapy
help those improve their moods by understanding thier cycles, teaches them to cope basically
bipolar intervention main themes
taking meds, providing education, recognizing triggers, reducing negative emotions, basically coping
engagement phase of fam treatment objective
connect with client and their care givers and relay info about treatment
fam second phase
psychoeducation
talks to fam about the nautre, causes, and management of bipolar
communication enhancement training fam thera
practice speaking and listening skills
probsolving fam therapy
fam implememnts solutions to problems
fam treatment length
21 sessions over 9 months
most common cuases of suicide
bipolar and depression
how many suicides occur in the US
about 50,000 each year
might be undercounted
attempted suicide is more common in what gender
females
parasuicidal behaviors
behaviors suggestive of suicide attempts like drug mixing, drug overdosing, cutting wrist
main risk factors for suicide
thwarted belongingness, perception of being a burden, capability to inflict self harm
thwarted belonigness
feeling disconnected in social relationships
younger suicide is often bc
impulsive reaction to a stressor
contagion effect
death of another teen increases chance of commiting
bio factors with suicide
genetics i guess, low serotonin?
nots rlly known toooooo much
interpersonal theories stress
disturbed fam relations cause suicide
cognitive perspective on suicide
early negative experience causes suicide
altrusitic suicide
suicide bc they place a social goal ahead of survival
marytr
anomic suicide
suicide bc they feel lost
like after losing a job
fatalistic suicide
suicide bc little hope due to sever isolation
suicide related to
social changes and social mores
what reduces the risk of suicide
social support
societal aspect of preventing suicide
changing social factors that increase it and public awarness
components of prevention
assessing a persons risk, helping them cope, treating any mental disorders
