Ch. 9 Spinal Cord & Meninges Flashcards
An area of cell bodies within the CNS containing enlargements known as the dorsal horns and ventral horns
Gray matter of the spinal cord.
An area of fibers (mainly axons) within the CNS, divided into posterior, lateral and anterior funiculi
White matter of the spinal cord
Columns of nerve bundles containing tracts that course up and down, to and from the brain. Includes tracts like the corticospinal tract for voluntary movement.
Funiculi
Which funicular tract is use for voluntary movement?
corticospinal tract
Arises from the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Contains only sensory neurons.
Dorsal root
An enlarged portion of the dorsal root. Contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
Dorsal root ganglion
An area of cell bodies outside of the CNS
Ganglion
Arises from the ventral surface of the spinal cord. Contains axons of motor neurons only
Ventral root
Ventral root joins with dorsal root to form this. Divides ventral and dorsal rami
Spinal nerve
The larger ramus supplying the entire anterior trunk, as well as appendages. Contains both sensory and motor neurons.
Ventral ramus
Which parts of the body are supplied by the ventral ramus
Anterior trunk and appendages.
The smaller ramus supplying structures of the back. Contains both sensory and motor neurons
Dorsal ramus
Which parts of the body are supplied by the dorsal ramus?
Back
The cell body is in the dorsal root ganglion.
Sensory neuron
Another name for sensory neuron
Affarent neuron (SAME)
Majority of neurons in the body are …
Interneurons
The cell body is in the gray matter of the spinal cord, its axon passing through the white matter into the ventral root.
Motor neuron
Another name for motor neuron
Efferent neuron (SAME)
Long cylindrical mass of nervous tissue that occupies the upper two thirds of the vertebral canal.
Spinal cord
Extension of the spinal cord
Connected to brain superiorly, where it is continuous with the medulla oblongata. Extends inferiorly to LV2
Lower end of spinal cord, conus shape
Conus medullaris
Spinal cord enlargements are located in the ___ and ___ regions, where the cell bodies of the neurons for upper limb and lower limb
Cervical and lumbar
Enlargement located from C5 to T1 spinal segments
cervical enlargement
Enlargement located from L1 to S3 of spinal segments
Lumbosacral enlargement
Cauda equine starts below the vertebral level of __
LV2
Cauda equina is composed of
- long roots of the lower spinal nerves
2. filum terminale
Why is the level of attachment of the spinal root to the cord higher than the level of emergence of the spinal nerve?
Difference in length between spinal cord and vertebral canal
of pairs of spinal nerves
31
The first pair of spinal nerves (C1) emerges between the __ and the __
atlas and the skull
The C2 to the C7 nerves emerge ___ the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
above
C8 spinal nerve pair emerges ____ C7
Below
Spinal nerves T1-Cx1 emerge ___ the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
Below
of spinal n. pairs in the cervical region
8 (c1-c8)
of spinal n pairs in the thoracic region
12 (t1-t12)
of spinal n pairs in the lumbar region
5 (l1-l5)
of spinal n pairs in the sacral region
5 (s1-s5)
of spinal nerve pairs in the coccygeal region
1 (cx1)
Arteries supplying the spinal cord
1 anterior spinal artery and
2 posterior spinal arteries
Connective tussles surrounding and protecting the spinal cord and brain
Meninges
From external to internal, the meninges consist of ___
Dura mater
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
Outermost meninx. Comprised of dense, tough, fibrous connective tissue
Dura mater
Extension of the dura of the spinal cord
From the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the dura of the brain, down to the dural sac at SV2 and further to its inferior attachment to the coccyx called the filum of the dura
Inferior attachment of the dura to the coccyx
Filum of the dura
Space external to the spinal dura mater
epidural space
Epidural space contains: (maize and blue!)
Adipose tissue in the form of globules of fat
Vertebral venous plexus
Clinical reference for the vertebral venous plexus
Batson’s veins
Connects superiorly with the dural sinuses of the cranial cavity
vertebral venus plexus
Batson’s veins
Batson’s veins communicate with veins external to the vertebrae via ___
intervertebral veins.
What happens if an intervertebral vein becomes dislocated?
Because of proximity, it can compress a spinal nerve,
Intermediate meninx
Arachnoid mater
Delicate, loose, netlike membrane
Arachnoid mater
Extension of the arachnoid mater
Surrounds the brain, extends through the foramen magnum through the vertebral column to S2.
Separates the arachnoid mater from the Pia mater, containing CSF
subarachnoid space
Innermost layer of the meninges
pia mater
delicate connective tissue that adheres to the surface of the brain and spinal cord
pia mater
Extension of the Pia mater
from the foramen magnum, where it is continuous with the cerebral Pia mater inferiorly through the vertebral column to the end of the spinal cord, the conus medullaris, and further as an inferior extension.
Extension of the Pia mater - forms a series of toothlike lateral extensions of the Pia from the lateral surface of the spinal cord.
Denticulate ligament.
Where do the denticulate ligaments attach?
Intervals along the internal surface of dura and arachnoid of the cord.
Separates the ventral roots of the spinal nerves from dorsal roots
denticulate ligament
Single inferior extension of Pia mater is, found from the conus medullaris inferiorly through the vertebral embedded within the roots of the caudal equina.
filum terminale
Attaches inferiorly at the coccy
filum terminale
