Ch. 8 Articulations fo the Vertebral Column

Question 1

Classifications of articulations between vertebral bodies

Answer 1

Fibrocartilaginous joint

Question 2

Bony surfaces of the intervertebral joint

Answer 2

Inferior surface of suprajacent vertebral body.

Superior surface of the infrajacent vertebral body

Question 3

Covering of bony surfaces articulating the intervertebral joint

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage

Question 4

Function of fibrocartliaginous discs

Answer 4

separate and bind together vertebral bodies

Question 5

Discs account for __ of the length of the vertebral column

Answer 5

1/4

Question 6

Location of the superior most intervertebral disc

Answer 6

B/t axis and CV3

Question 7

Location of the inferior most intervertebral disc

Answer 7

L5 and scarum

Question 8

Total # of intervertebral discs

Answer 8

23

Question 9

Intervertebral discs are named and numbered according to the vertebra _____ which they lie.

Answer 9

Below

The fifth lumbar disc lies below the fifth lumbar vertebra.

Question 10

In the cervical and lumbar regions, discs tend to be higher ___ than _____

Answer 10

anteriorly; posteriorly

Question 11

In which region are the discs higher anteriorly than they are posteriorly?

Answer 11

Cervical and lumbar

Question 12

Region in which the discs are about the same height measured anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 12

thoracic

Question 13

Intervertebral disc consists of the

Answer 13

anulus fibrosus

nucleus pulposus

Question 14

Forms the periphery of the intervertebral disc, comprised of fibrocartilage in which the collagen fiber component predominates

Answer 14

anulus fibrosus

Question 15

The anulus fibrosis is comprised of ___

Answer 15

fibrocartilage in which the collagen fiber component predominates.

Question 16

Collagen fibers in the anulus fibrosis are arranged primarily in ______ rings

Answer 16

cocentric, fibers of each lamella running obliquely to adjacent lamellae.n

Question 17

External fiber of the anulus fibrosis blend with

Answer 17

longitudinal ligaments

Question 18

Internal fibers of anulus fibrosis blend with

Answer 18

nucleus pulposus

Question 19

The anulus fibrosis is thicker ___ than ____

Answer 19

anteriorly; posteriorly

Question 20

Nucleus pulposus is _____ located

Answer 20

eccentrically

Question 21

The common protrusion of the nucleus pulpous goes in which direction after a trauma to the anulus fibrosis?

Answer 21

posteriorly

Question 22

What is a factor responsible for the more common protrusion fo the nucleus pulpous posteriorly after damage to the anulus fibrosis?

Answer 22

Anulus fibrosis is thicker anteriorly than it is psoteirly.posteirorly

Question 23

Functions of the anulus fibrosis

Answer 23

1. Binding together of the vertebral bodies
2. Joint stability
3. Movement of two adjacent vertebrae
4. Retention of the nucleus pulposus

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Question 24

Forms the center of the intervertebral disc

Answer 24

Nucleus Pulposus

Question 25

A typical nucleus pulpous consists of about ___ water

Answer 25

80%

Question 26

Percentage of water in the nucleus pulpous of a fetus

Answer 26

88%

Question 27

Percentage of water in the nucleus pulposus in later adult life

Answer 27

70%

Question 28

Why do people become shorter in later life?

Answer 28

The intervertebral disc becomes dehydrated.

Question 29

Is the nucleus pulposus compressible or incompressible?

Answer 29

incompressible - any compression will flatten it, consequent peripheral bulging of the anulus fibrosus.

Question 30

Broad, thick ligament along the anterior and anterior-lateral surfaces o the vertebral column from the basilar part of the occipital bone to the sacrum.

Answer 30

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 31

Fusions of the anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 31

Periosteum of vertebral bodies and the outer lamella of anterior part of anulus fibrosus.

Question 32

Resists extension, as the body weight attempts to increase the secondary curvature of the lumbar region.

Answer 32

Anterior longitudinal ligament

Question 33

Ligament that lies on the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. Distinctive repeating hour glass shape

Answer 33

Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 34

The PLL ____ when passing over the vertebral bodies, and ___ when when passing over the intervertebral discs.

Answer 34

Narrows, widens

Question 35

Lies within the vertebral column, anterior to the spinal cord and meninges

Answer 35

PLL

Question 36

Length of PLL

Answer 36

extends from body of axis down to sacrum

– upper end is directly continuous with the membrane tectorial.

Question 37

Resists flexion, as the body weight tends to increase the primary curvature of thoracic region

Answer 37

PLL

Question 38

“yellow ligament” (many elastic fibers) that extends from the lamina above to the lamina below

Answer 38

Ligamentum Flavum

Question 39

Ligamentum flavum ____ going from cervical to thoracic to lumbar regions.

Answer 39

thickens

Question 40

Stretches slowly in flexion so that movement is not stopped suddenly., and aids return to extension.

Answer 40

Ligamentum flavum

Question 41

Strong ligament that interconnects the spinous process from the axis down to the sacrum

Answer 41

Supraspinous ligament

Question 42

Where does the supraspinous ligament extend from

Answer 42

axis-sacrum

Question 43

Where does the ligament flavum extend from

Answer 43

lamina above to lamina below

Question 44

Which muscles course along each side of the supraspinous ligament?

Answer 44

interspinalis muscles.

Question 45

Supraspinous ligaments above C7 in the neck

Answer 45

Ligamentum nuchae

Question 46

Thin membrane that fills the intervals fro spine to spine and from deep ligamentum flavum to the surpasinpinal ligaments superficially

Answer 46

Interspinous ligament

Question 47

Interspinous ligaments are poorly developed in the ___ region.

Answer 47

Cervical – because space between spinous processes is small.

Question 48

Ligaments between adjacent transverse processes

Answer 48

inter transverse ligaments