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Anatomy > Ch. 24 Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Ch. 24 Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The function of the _____ is to form a protective cavity for the heart and lungs and for the organs of the superior aspect of the abdomen

A

Thoracic wall

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2
Q

Flat bone located at the anterior aspect of the thorax in the midline

A

Sternum

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3
Q

The sternum is divided into three parts:

A

Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid process

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4
Q

Superior portion of the sternum

A

Manubrium

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5
Q

The jugular notch is found on the superior border of the ____

A

manubrium

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6
Q

The manubrium articulates with the ___ and the ____

A

clavicles and the first two pairs of costal cartilages. (hyaline cartilage between ribs and sternum)

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7
Q

Middle portion of the sternum

A

Body

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8
Q

The body is ___, ___, and ___ than the manubrium

A

long, narrow, and thinner

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9
Q

The body articulates with the costal cartilages of ribs ___ through ___

A

2-7

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10
Q

The junction of the manubrium and body.

A

sternal angle

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11
Q

Important palpable landmark for counting ribs

A

sternal angle

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12
Q

Smallest, most variable and inferior portion of the sternum

A

xyphoid process

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13
Q

a depression on the anterior aspect of the diploid profess; palpable and often is visible

A

epigastric fossa (pit of stomach)

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14
Q

Found between the xiphoid process and the body at the superior aspect of the epigastric fossa

A

xiphisternal joint

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15
Q

12 pairs of flat bones from most of the thoracic wall

A

ribs

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16
Q

Humans have ___ ribs on each side of the body

A

12

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17
Q

Variations of ribs include cervical ribs at ___ and lumbar ribs at ___

A

CV7 and LV1

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18
Q

The elongated flattened bones of the rib course ___ and ___ from the thoracic vertebrae

A

anteriorly and inferiorly

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19
Q

Portion of each rib articulates with the bodies of the thoracic vertebrae

A

head

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20
Q

Constricted portion of the rib lateral to the head

A

neck

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21
Q

posterior projection lateral to the neck of the rib

A

tubercle

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22
Q

the tubercle articulates with the _____ of its respective thoracic vetebrae

A

transverse process

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23
Q

Shaft of the rib

A

body

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24
Q

point of the rib where the curve of the rib is the sharpest

A

angle

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25
Q

the anterior end of the rib articulates with the _____

A

costal cartilage

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26
Q

ridge that lies on the inferior surface of the shaft of the rib

A

costal groove

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27
Q

IN the costal groove lies _____ (from superior to anterior)

A

intercostal vein, artery and nerve

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28
Q

The length of the rib increases the ___ to the ___ rib and then decreases to the ___ rib

A

1st-7th; 12th

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29
Q

The first seven ribs are ___

A

true

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30
Q

true ribs are directly connected to the sternum via their ____

A

costal cartilages

31
Q

The last five ribs (8-12)

A

false

32
Q

Each costal cartilage of ribs 8, 9, and 10 joins its ________

A

respective supra adjacent costal cartilage

33
Q

The costal cartilages of ribs 11 and 12 end blindly in muscle with no _____

A

anterior articulation

34
Q

ribs 11 and 12 are classified as

A

floating

35
Q

The costal margin is formed by the costal cartilages of ribs ____, which course medially to superiorly

A

7-10,

36
Q

The infrasternal angle is formed by the intersection of the ______ at the ______

A

costal margins; xiphisternal joint

37
Q

The superior thoracic aperture is bounded by the ________

A

upper border of the sternum and by the first ribs

38
Q

Opening through which the greater vessels and visceral tubes ascend or descent between the thorax and the neck

A

superior thoracic aperture

39
Q

the inferior thoracic aperture is normally closed by the ____

A

diaphragm

40
Q

Three major openings are found in the diaphragm which allow for the passage of the ___, ___ and ___

A

inferior vena cava, esophagus and aorta

41
Q

The muscles of the thorax are arranged into three layers:

A

External layer: external intercostal muscles
Middle layer: Internal intercostal msucles
Internal layer: Innermost intercostal muscles

42
Q

Origin of external intercostal muscles

A

lower margin of the rib above

43
Q

insertion of external intercostal muscles

A

upper margin of the rib below

44
Q

Action of external intercostal muscles

A

elevation of the ribs during inspiration

45
Q

Innervation of external intercostal muscles

A

Intercostal nerve T1 through T6

Thoracoabdominal nerves t7 through T11

46
Q

There are how many external intercostal muscles

A

11

47
Q

From their point of origin, the fibers of the external intercostal muscles pass ___ and ___ to their point of insertion

A

medially and inferiorly

48
Q

In the intercostal spaces, the external intercostal muscles extend from the ____ posteriorly to the region of the _____ anteriorly

A

tubercle of the rib; costochondral junction

49
Q

The external intercostal muscles thin out at the

A

chostochondral junction

50
Q

When the external intercostal muscles thin out and become membranous

A

external intercostal membrane

51
Q

Origin of the internal intercostal muscle

A

upper margin of the rib below and its costal cartilage

52
Q

Insertion of the internal intercostal muscle

A

lower margin of the rib above and its costal cartilage

53
Q

action of the internal intercostal muscle

A

depression of the ribs during expiration

54
Q

innervation of the internal intercostal muscle

A

intercostal nerves t1-t6

thoracoabdominal nerves t7-t11

55
Q

how many internal intercostal muscles are there

A

11

56
Q

From their point of origin, the internal intercostal muscles pass ___ and ___ to their point of insertion

A

medially and superiorly

57
Q

In the intercostal spaces, the internal intercostal muscles extend from the ___ anteriorly to the ____ posteriorly to become the internal intercostal membrane.

A

sternum; angles of the ribs

58
Q

where the internal intercostal muscles thin out and become membranous

A

internal intercostal membrane

59
Q

How many innermost intercostal muscles are there?

A

11

60
Q

The innermost intercostal muscles have the same origin, insertion, action and innervation as the

A

internal intercostal muscles

61
Q

The innermost intercostal muscles are separated from the internal intercostals by the _____ and ___.

A

intercostal vessels and nerve.

62
Q

The area between the internal and innermost intercostal muscles

A

neuromuscular plane

63
Q

Other muscles associated with the thoracic wall

A

transversus thracis

subcostales

64
Q

How many thoracic spinal nerves are there?

A

12

65
Q

All of the thoracic spinal nerves traverse an ________ and divide into a ____ and a ___

A

intervertebral foramen; dorsal and ventral ramus

66
Q

course posteriorly and divide into medial and lateral branches

A

dorsal fami

67
Q

larger branches of the spinal nerves that course forward into the intercostal spaces.

A

ventral rami

68
Q

The ventral rami have regional names:

A

T1-T6 – Intercostal nerves
T7-T11 – Thoracoabdominal nerves
T12 – Subcostal nerve

69
Q

A typical intercostal nerve has the following course and distribution:

A

Passes below the neck of the rib corresponding to it
Courses between the innermost intercostal and the internal intercostal muscles in the neuromuscular plane
Passes forward in the costal groove on the lower surface of the rib where it courses inferior to the intercostal vein and artery
Gives off lateral cutaneous branch which divides into anterior and posterior branches
At the anterior end of the intercostal space it gives off a anterior cutaneous branch.

70
Q

Intercostal nerve T4 courses inferior to the

A

fourth thoracic rib

71
Q

The lateral cutaneous branch pierces the:

A

internal intercostal, external intercostal and serrates anterior muscles

72
Q

the anterior and posterior branches of the lateral cutaneous branch supply the

A

skin of the chest wall

73
Q

At the anterior end of the intercostal space, the intercostal nerve turns forward through the:

A

internal intercostal muscle and the external intercostal membrane and the pec major

74
Q

anteriorly, the intercostal nerve is distributed as the ____ to the ____

A

anterior cutaneous branch; skin in front of the heat.

Anatomy (17 decks)

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