Ch. 13 Brain Flashcards
Largest part of the brain, consisting of two hemispheres
Cerebrum
Convolutions of the cerebrum separated by sulci
gyri
separates the gyri
sulci
Fissure that separates the right and left hemispheres and is occupied by the falx cerebri
longitudinal fissure
sulcus separating the temporal lobe from the rest of the cerebrums superior to it.
lateral sulcus
sulcus separating the precentral and post central gyri
central sulcus
Four main lobes of the cerebrum
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
Temporal
Fifth lobe lying within the depths of the lateral sulcus
insula
Structure lying anteriorly to the central sulcus
Primary motor cortex or precentral gyrus
Structure lying posterior to the central sulcus
Primary sensory cortex or post central gyrus
Structure that constitutes the central gray matter of the cerebrum
Basal nuclei
Controls movement and posture
basal nuclei
diseases involving the basal nuclei
Disturbances in voluntary muscle control, Parkinsons, Hutchinsons
Most important sensory relay center of the brain
thalamus
Sends incoming impulses from the receptors of the body to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
Structure lying between and associated with the optic chiasma, the mammillary bodies and the pons
Hypothalamus
Functions of the hypothalamus
Body temperature
Carb and lipid metabolism
Sleep, sexual activity, emotions
Where the R and L optic nerves (CNII) cross
Optic chiasma
Sensory synaptic station, part of the limbic system
Mammillary bodies
Projects inferior from the hypothalamus and secretes many hormones
pituitary glands
Composed of three parts from superior to inferior midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
Brainstem
Roof (dorsal surface) of the midbrain contains the ________ anteriorly and the ____ with the _____ posteriorly
cerebral peduncles; tectum with corpora quadrigemina
Four elevations that are arranged as two pairs in the corpora quadrigemina
Superior colliculi
inferior colliculi
Involved with the pathway of the vision
Superior colliculi
Involved with the pathway of hearing
Inferior colliculi
Acts as a bridge connecting the right and left cerebellar hemispheres
pons
relays impulses from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum
pons
The pons relays impulses from the ____ to the ____
cerebral cortex; cerebellum
part of the brain that is directly continuous with the spinal cord. Contains many of the ascending and descending tracts of the spinal cord
medulla oblongata
Represents an area in which pyramidal tract fibers lie, called the pyramids
medulla oblongata
Pyramidal tracts in the medulla oblantaga
pyramids
Area where the pyramidal tracts cross or over the contralateral side.
Pyramidal decussation
Contains several nuclei involved in the regulation of vital body actives: respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor
medulla oblongata
little brain
cerebellum
connects with the midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata via the superior, middle in the inferior cerebellar peduncles, respectively.
cerebellum
hemispheres of the cerebellum are separated by the ___
median vermis
outer cortex of the cerebellum contains the ___ separated by fissures.
folia
White matter in the cerebellum branching in the form of a tree
arbor vitae
Functions of the cerebellum
coordination of muscular activity
regulation of muscle tone
maintenance of equilibrium
