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Anatomy > Ch. 6 Vertebral Column > Flashcards

Ch. 6 Vertebral Column Flashcards

1
Q

Vertebral column location

A

posterior portion of the trunk

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2
Q

Functions of the vertebral column

A

Posture
Support of weight
Protection for spinal cord and spinal nerves
Partial protection for thoracic and abdominal organs

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3
Q

Three types of bones in vertebral column

A
  1. Moveable presacral vertebrae
  2. Sacrum
  3. Coccyx
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4
Q

of Cervical Vertebrae

A

7

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5
Q

of Thoracic vertebrae

A

12

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6
Q

of Lumbar vertebrae

A

5

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7
Q

of fused sacral vertebrae

A

5

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8
Q

of fused coccyx vertebrae

A

4

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9
Q

Total # of vertebrae before fusion

A

33

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10
Q

Fetal Curvature

A

In fetus, the vertebral column exhibits one curvature which is CONCAVE ANTERIORLY (also convex posteriorly). This is PRIMARY CURVATURE.

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11
Q

Why was fetal curvature primary?

A

Result of differences in height between the anterior and posterior aspects of vertebral bodies.

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12
Q

How many curvatures in the adult vertebral column?

A

4 (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral)

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13
Q

Which curves retained primary curvature?

A

Thoracic and Sacral

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14
Q

Which curves are secondary?

A

Cervical and Lumbar

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15
Q

Secondary Curvature

A

Concave posteriorly due to difference in the heights between the anterior and posterior aspects of intervertebral discs

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16
Q

Large round mass of vertebra: it forms the anterior aspect of the vertebra

A

Vertebral Body

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17
Q

Posterior to the body, bone formed by two pedicles and two laminae

A

Vertebral arch

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18
Q

A bridge of bone extending from the posterior aspect of the body.

A

Pedicle

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19
Q

A flat plate extending from the pedicle; fuse with each other in the median plane

A

Lamina

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20
Q

Hole in the center of the vertebrae that houses the spinal cord

A

Vertebral foramen

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21
Q

Boundaries of the vertebral foramen

A

Anterior: body
Posterior: laminae
Lateral: pedicles

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22
Q

Formed by the individual vertebral foramina when the 24 presacral vertebrae are articulated

A

Vertebral canal

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23
Q

A single process that projects posteriorly from each vertebral arch at the junction of the two laminae

A

Spinous process

24
Q

Two processes that project inferiorly to articulate with the Superior Articular Processes of the infradjacent vertebra.

A

Inferior articular process

25
Q

Two processes that project superiorly to articulate with the inferior articular processes of the suprajacent vertebra.

A

Superior articular process

26
Q

Lies between the superior and inferior articular processes

A

Zagopophyseal (facet) joint

27
Q

Found on the superior and inferior surface of the pedicle

A

Vertebral notches

28
Q

When two vertebrae articulate, vertebral notches form the _____ which transmits the spinal nerve

A

Intervertebral foramen

29
Q

Typical cervical vertebrae include a

A
  1. Transverse foramen - found in the transverse process of ALL cervical vertebrae.
  2. Bifid spinous process: divides into two smaller projections.
  3. Bifid transverse processes: Divided into two projections, the anterior and posterior tubercles.
30
Q

The vertebral artery ascends through the transverse foramen from _____.

A

CV6-CV1

31
Q

Bifid spinous processes are found on vertebrae

A

CV2-CV6

32
Q

Bifid transverse processes are split into ________ and are found on cervical vertebrae ______

A

Anterior and posterior tubercles

CV3-CV6

33
Q

Specialized Cervical Vertebrae

A

CV1 Atlas
CV2 Axis
CV7 Vertebra Prominens

34
Q

Characteristics of Atlas

A

No body, is replaced by dens of CV2
No laminae or spinous processes
Posterior arch

35
Q

Characteristics of Axis

A

Prominent superior projection called dens process OR odontoid process. Extends to the atlas

36
Q

Characteristics of Vertebra Prominens

A

Longest and most prominent spinous process of all the cervical vertebrae
Does not bifurcate
Important in counting vertebrae
Vertebral vein is the only vessel coursing through its transverse foramen

37
Q

What courses through the transverse foramen of the Vertebra prominens?

A

Vertebral vein

38
Q

Characteristics of Thoracic vertebrae

A
  1. Transverse costal facets
  2. No foramina
  3. Costovertebral joint
  4. Costotransverse joint
39
Q

Facets on the transverse process for articulation with the ribs

A

Transverse costal facets

40
Q

Articulations with the rib in thoracic vertebrae include:

A

Costovertebral joint

Costotransverse joint

41
Q

joint in which the head of the rib articulates with the body of vertebrae

A

Costovertebral joint

42
Q

Joint in which the tubercle of the rib articulates with the transverse process of the vertebra

A

Costotransverse joint

43
Q

Characteristics of Lumbar vertebrae

A
  1. No foramina or facets in transverse process
  2. Largest in size
  3. Spinous processes are in quadrangular shape
44
Q

Presacral vertebrae increase in size going ___ to ___

A

Superior to Inferior

45
Q

Why do presacral vertebrae increase in size inferiorly?

A

Each successive vertebra must support all structures superior to it

46
Q

Sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae _____ in size moving inferiorly

A

decrease

47
Q

Characteristics of Sacrum

A
  1. 5 fused vertebrae

2. Two surfaces, pelvic and dorsal

48
Q

Superior articulation of the sacrum

A

The intervertebral disc inferior to LV5 articulates with the sacral promontory

49
Q

Lateral articulation of the sacrum

A

the Ala of the sacrum articulates with the ilium of the hip bone.

50
Q

The ala of the sacrum articulates with the

A

ilium of the hip bone

51
Q

Pelvic sacral foramina

A

Four pairs of openings for ventral rami of S1-S4

52
Q

Median sacral crest

A

A ridge remnant of the spinous processes of the superior 3 to 4 sacral vertebrae

53
Q

Dorsal sacral foramina

A

Four pairs of foramina for the dorsal rami S1 to S4

54
Q

Sacral Hiatus

A

An opening due to the absence of laminae on the fifth sacral segment

55
Q

Coccyx

A

Made up of 4 fused vertebrae

Anatomy (17 decks)

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