Ch. 9 Pain

Question 1

nociception

Answer 1

technical name for pain, the activation of specialized nerve fibers that signal the occurrence of tissue damage

Question 2

acute pain

Answer 2

short-term pain

Question 3

chronic pain

Answer 3

recurring pain over a long period of time

Question 4

psychogenic pain

Answer 4

purely psychological pain w/out physiological basis

Question 5

neuropathic pain

Answer 5

pure nociception w/out significant psychological pain

Question 6

somatic pain

Answer 6

physiological pain w/out specific tissue damage

Question 7

transduction

Answer 7

process that takes place at the level of the receptors where chemical, mechanical, or thermal energy is converted in electrochemical nerve impulses

Question 8

afferent fiber

Answer 8

sensory nerve fibers transmitting signals from the receptors to the spinal cord

ARS

Question 9

modulation

Answer 9

the neural activity leading to the control of pain transmissions between the various parts of the brain

Question 10

vital sign

Answer 10

5 basic measures that doctors get from patients

• temperature
• pulse
• blood pressure
• pain level
• respiration

Question 11

pattern theory

Answer 11

idea that pain results from a combination impulses from nerve endings
- different patterns of stimulation caused different types of pain

Question 12

specificity

Answer 12

idea that pain was a specific independent sensation such as heat or touch, w/ specialized receptors responding to specific stimuli

Question 13

pain-prone personality

Answer 13

personality type that predisposes a person to experience persistent pain

Question 14

diathesis-stress model

Answer 14

idea that some individuals may have physiological predispositions to certain factors such as depression, stress, or pain that interact w/ psychological factors to cause those outcomes

Question 15

gate control theory

Answer 15

model of pain proposing that key processes in the experience of pain take place in the dorsal horn substantia gelatinosa of the spinal cord & are influenced by the brain

Question 16

counterirritation

Answer 16

process by which we may try to reduce pain by itching or poking a point on our skin around where the pain is felt

Question 17

efferent pathway

Answer 17

sensory nerve fibers transmitting signals from the spinal cord to receptors in the skin & tissues

ESR

Question 18

stimulation-produced analgesia

Answer 18

process by which electronically stimulating the brain can reduce pain

Question 19

threshold

Answer 19

level of stimuli needed to experience something such as pain or stress

Question 20

acetaminophen

Answer 20

painkiller

(ie) Tylenol

Question 21

virtual reality

Answer 21

projection of realistic images w/out distractions

Question 22

self-management program

Answer 22

treatment for pain relief that makes the patient w/ chronic pain the one w/ the major responsibility for making the change rather than the doctor or the health professional staff

Question 23

tolerance

Answer 23

the amount beyond which pain becomes unbearable, and we cannot accept any more

Question 24

stress-induced analgesia

Answer 24

pain relief produced when our body releases opioids when we are stressed
- a state than can also be induced by motor activity such as physical activity

Question 25

Pain or nociception can best defined as:

a. the activation of nerve fibers signaling tissue damage
b. the activation of specific sensory areas of the brain
c. being hurt in body or spirit
d. experiencing severe physical or psychological discomfort

Answer 25

a. the activation of nerve fibers signaling tissue damage

Question 26

There are many cultural variations in the experience of pain. These differences are primarily due to:

a. genetics
b. age
c. socialization
d. tolerance

Answer 26

c. socialization

Question 27

There is evidence for sex differences at ______ level of the experience of pain.

a. the biological
b. the psychological
c. the social
d. all of the above

Answer 27

d. all of the above

Question 28

The bulk of the clinical research done on ethnic differences in pain has compared:

a. Asian Americans w/ African Americans
b. Asian Americans w/ European Americans
c. Latinos w/ European Americans
d. African Americans w/ European Americans

Answer 28

d. African Americans w/ European Americans

Question 29

As we grow older:

a. our threshold for pain decreases
b. our threshold for pain increases
c. our tolerance increases
d. we report pain less

Answer 29

b. our threshold for pain increases

Question 30

Pain experienced with diseases such as cancer is classified as:

a. acute
b. chronic malignant
c. chronic sensory
d. acute malignant

Answer 30

b. chronic malignant

Question 31

There are many distinct processes critical to the experience of pain. _________ takes place at the level of the receptors where the nerve impulses are stimulated.

a. transmission
b. transduction
c. modulation
d. perception

Answer 31

b. transduction

Question 32

One of the pain questioning measures is the:

a. Rosenberg Pain scale
b. Melzack & Wall self-diagnosis scale
c. Turk Pain Report
d. McGill Pain Questionnaire

Answer 32

d. McGill Pain Questionnaire

Question 33

One of the novel features of gate control theory is the presence of a(n) _______ that modulates the experience of pain at the level of the spinal cord.

a. neurochemcial
b. interneuron
c. hormone
d. trigger gland

Answer 33

b. interneuron

Question 34

Activities such as prolonged physical activity and even meditation have been shown to release ________ into our systems, which are accompanied by pain relief.

a. opiates
b. opioids
c. serotonin
d. coritsol

Answer 34

b. opioids